tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33281644967396763062024-03-18T07:40:12.683-07:00Building HMS TerrorScratch building a 1:48 scale model of HMS Terror.Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.comBlogger58125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-23824338134700758202019-01-07T14:41:00.000-08:002019-01-07T14:41:35.856-08:00A MAN-HAULED BOAT SLEDGE FROM HMS TERROR<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">When the crew of HMS <i>Terror </i>deserted their ship in an attempt to reach the Back River, evidence suggests they did so by hauling boats on massive sledges across the sea ice and down the west coast of King William Island. Any model of HMS <i>Terror </i>would be incomplete without a representation of the gear they used when they left the vessel. The primary source of information on the nature of the boat sledges comes from direct observation of the equipment, found on the shore of <i>Erebus</i> Bay by Hobson and McClintock, at a site now famously known as “The Boat Place.” It is possible that this sledge was from HMS <i>Terror</i>, as one of the harnesses recovered from it was marked “T11,” presumably meaning “<i>Terror</i> 11” (or the harness assigned to the 11<sup>th</sup> sledge-hauler from <i>Terror</i>). </span></div>
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“<i>The weight of the boat alone was about 700 or 800 lbs. only, but she was mounted upon a sledge of unusual weight and strength. It was constructed of two oak planks 23 feet 4 inches in length, 8 inches in width, and with an average thickness of 2 ½ inches. These planks formed the sides or runners of the sledge; they were connected by five cross-bars of oak each 4 feet long and 4 inches by 3 ½ inches thick and bolted down to the runners; the underneath parts of the latter were shod with iron. Upon the cross bars five saddles or supporting chocks for the boat were lashed, and the drag-ropes by which the crew moved this massive sledge, and the weights upon it, consisted of 2 ¾ inch whale-line. I have calculated the weight of this sledge to be 650 lbs.; it could not have been less and may have been considerably more</i>. “ McClintock (1860: 291-292).</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/12764.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1280" height="378" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5uQyzZmr5iY/XDH1khdt5_I/AAAAAAAABtE/6nM90Xd39FgLo9GV9yFyT5rJn9Ogwjl5QCLcBGAs/s640/BHC1273.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/12764.html">William Thomas Smith's "They Forged the Last Link with Their Lives" (1895), depicting The Boat Place. <br />This remarkably well-researched painting shows the sledge and the chocks on which the boat rests. <br />National Maritime Museum BHC1273.</a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span> <span lang="EN-US">The above observation, made by Francis Leopold McClintock on May 30<sup>th</sup>, 1859, occurred roughly a decade after the boat and sledge had been abandoned on the western coast of King William Island. It is only one of two detailed firsthand accounts describing the sledging equipment left by Crozier and his crew (there are also several accounts by the Inuit, recorded by Hall, but these are far less detailed). The other account was written by Lieutenant Hobson, who was the first to discover the sledge and the boat that rested on it, and it adds details not included in McClintock’s more famous monograph. For example, Hobson estimated the breadth of the sledge as only two feet, which must be an error (Stenton 2014:518). Further, Hobson described that the “</span>The runners were of three-inch oak reduced at the top to two inches,” which accords with McClintock’s average of 2.5 inches. Hobson also noted that the chocks were made from fir, and that “These were neatly leathered. The whole was very strongly bolted and fastened.” The latter term probably refers to lashings, which as we will see below, conforms well with the type of sledge Crozer's men constructed.</div>
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Cryiax (1963) observed many years ago that detailed information on Royal Navy sledging equipment is limited, and the subject has received very little scholarly examination (but see Pearson 1995). According to McClintock’s observations, Crozier and Fitzjames decided to construct an edge-runner type sledge (e.g. Pearson 1995). The runners were almost certainly derived from the stock of ships’ planking allocated to <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> for necessary repairs. The length of the timbers used for the sledge is approximately the same as the maximum length of a standard Royal Navy hull plank, which was ca. 24 feet (Goodwin 1987:39). Furthermore, much of the lower planking on <i>Terror’s</i> hull was 3 inches in thickness, consistent with the thickness of the sledge runners. It is likely that the maximum dimensions of the plank stock, as much as the length of the boat which rested on it, dictated the original length of the sledge (e.g. they used the longest planks available to them). Fir, and probably elm, plank stock would also have been available from the ship's stores, but the stoutest timber in <i>Terror's</i> stores - oak - was chosen for the task.</div>
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In 1879, twenty years after McClintock and Hobson had observed the sledge at The Boat Place, two massive Royal Navy sledge runners were acquired by Frederick Schwatka from Inuit he encountered near Richardson Point, on the Adelaide Peninsula. Schwatka believed that the pieces were cut-down runners from McClintock’s Boat Place because of their unusually large size, material (oak), and presumably because the Inuit told him where they obtained them and how they modified them (Gilder 1881:94; Schwatka 1899:39). He observed that they were no longer shod in iron and that the Inuit had cut approximately 1.5 inches off their height and seven feet off their length. It is generally agreed by researchers that these runners are the actual runners observed by McClintock at The Boat Place; however, their design, which is almost indistinguishable from traditional Inuit sledges, raises some necessary doubts about their authenticity.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2282.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="575" data-original-width="1280" height="286" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eFt-dQ9CCgk/XDH2npWYsDI/AAAAAAAABtM/x-jR2_VPHIs4C6RkUnDassVIF5eioMdaACLcBGAs/s640/AAA2283a.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2282.html">Two fragments of a sledge runner recovered by Frederic Schwatka. The aft section (top) is AA2283.1, <br />and the forward section (bottom) is AA2283.2. National Maritime Museum AA2283.</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2282.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="1280" height="340" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cQAk2GZbM74/XDH5q1LhCXI/AAAAAAAABtY/cOGFRA9KANsdPueL7olG5363cyccVVeLgCLcBGAs/s640/AAA2283.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2282.html">Detail of label on AA2283.1. </a></td></tr>
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Fortunately, the available historical information suggests that a strong similarity to Inuit sledges is to be expected. The accounts by McClintock and Hobson, which describe a large edge-runner type sledge (Pearson 1995) with several cross pieces tightly lashed together, closely matches Inuit design in nearly all respects. While we don’t have detailed descriptions or plans of early Royal Navy sledge designs, we do know that Sir Edward Parry (1824:515-518, see also Pearson 1995) admired and copied Inuit sledges during his second expedition in Fury and Hecla (1821-1823). Therefore, Crozier, as a midshipman on Parry’s second voyage and one of Parry’s more prolific sledgers, was also intimately familiar with traditional Inuit sledging technology. It is therefore likely that The Boat Place sledge resembled Inuit sledges because Crozier intended to copy Inuit technology. It should be noted that these sledges provide good evidence that Royal Navy explorers in this era were not ignorant of Inuit lifeways, and indeed actively used Inuit knowledge to aid their endeavors.</div>
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Three sections of runner are preserved in the National Maritime Museum from the sledge recovered by Schwatka (<span lang="EN-US">AAA2283.1,2,3). </span>What became of the rest of the sledge is unknown, but these three specimens <span lang="EN-US">appear to represent portions of two different runners</span> because their combined length would be over 28 feet (longer than the sledge described by McClintock, and longer than any plank stock carried aboard <i>Erebus </i>or <i>Terror</i>). Luckily, the front and rear ends of one runner are preserved, as well as the central portion of the second.</div>
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The fore part of the sledge runner (AA2283.2) has a gracefully curved end, with myriad perforations along its length, somewhat irregularly positioned, but presumably for attachment of crossbars, grab handles, and boat lashings. Two of the perforations are larger rectangular holes, which are so heavily worn that they almost appear oval in shape. Each of these larger holes is associated with a smaller bolt hole on the upper edge of the runner. The wear on these larger holes and the associated bolt holes indicate that these were the locations where the crossbars were both bolted and lashed to the runners, as described by McClintock and Hobson. The majority of the perforations on the artifact are smaller square holes, also heavily worn, which were likely used for drag handle and trace attachment. There are also four circular drilled holes located closer to the bottom of the runner, in proximity to the large rectangular holes. These may have been used for additional lashings to the crossbars after the original lashings loosened. The second runner fragment (AA2283.1) has a similar row of perforations, with two large rectangular holes separated in line by three smaller square holes. Like the other specimen, two circular drilled holes are located close to the bottom of the runner near the larger rectangular holes. <span lang="EN-US" style="color: #666666; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/368778.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X0F_4H9HdE4/XDH7DkKMDlI/AAAAAAAABtg/_ORRj22PsvU7fgKBlR2bLjd_0cehR49VgCLcBGAs/s640/AA2283.2.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/368778.html">Detail of the forward section of sledge runner. National Maritime Musem AA2283.2. </a></td></tr>
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To model the sledge, I started by creating a scale plan (see below). I took the original measurements described by McClintock and Hobson and mocked up a hypothetical plank stock, then projected scale tracings of the fore and rear fragments onto the plank, basing the curve of the runner on the fore specimen. I presumed the lower edge of the runner would not have been modified by the Inuit, given the proximity of the drilled holes to it, and made an assumption that the upper edge of the runner had been cut down (it would have made excellent spear shafts). Knowing that each of the larger rectangular holes occurs after two or three smaller square holes, I projected this pattern of perforations to the entire runner and added crossbars at the locations of the large rectangular perforations. Based on this pattern, it appears that no more than five of the large perforations would occur on a complete 23-foot runner. This corresponds precisely with the number of crossbars observed by McClintock.<br />
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The 4 x 4-inch crossbars are described by McClintock and Hobson as being both bolted “down" and/or "lashed" onto the runners. The bolt holes are still preserved in the upper edge of the runner, indicating that the crossbars rested on the top of the runners. Given this evidence, I assumed the crossbars overhung the runners by 1.5 inches on both sided to facilitate lashing, which is common in Inuit and Royal Navy sledges. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6dbRkIlE6_A/XDH8nPj4o9I/AAAAAAAABts/Qbm-aBpld_AYpTn_15ZRoC8fy6hCl1R7gCLcBGAs/s1600/Boat%2BPlace%2BSledge%2B%2528Large%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="926" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6dbRkIlE6_A/XDH8nPj4o9I/AAAAAAAABts/Qbm-aBpld_AYpTn_15ZRoC8fy6hCl1R7gCLcBGAs/s640/Boat%2BPlace%2BSledge%2B%2528Large%2529.jpg" width="548" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Proposed reconstruction of "The Boat Place" sledge.</td></tr>
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Thankfully, McClintock collected one of the oak chocks from The Boat Place sledge (AA2200). McClintock described the chock as being “lashed” to the crossbars, and the lashing slot is very well preserved on the specimen. It has no perforations, indicating it was not bolted to the crossbar. This configuration makes good sense - if Crozier anticipated that the sledge might be converted to haul only gear, it would have been advantageous to remove the chocks by simply removing the lashings. However, a deep slot is cut on the outside margin of the chock, indicating that it was braced against a spike or bolt which did perforate the crossbar, to keep the chock from slipping out of place. All of these details can be seen on the plans above.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2199.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="1280" height="412" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UPHp3f128q0/XDH840wbSCI/AAAAAAAABt0/a0uUu0gaScwG_gIgeFqWxqp1LYW5MrSlwCLcBGAs/s640/AAA2200.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2199.html">Oak chock used to secure the boat to the sledge. Note the slot on the upper surface for lashing to </a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2199.html">the crossbar, and the slot on the left for a spike or bolt to prevent the chock from shifting laterally. </a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2199.html">National Maritime Museum AA2200.</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h_vLCcCYxj8/XDJEAxHkG2I/AAAAAAAABvE/Prp9I9BOkyEjDt1aj55S0LGA1F8mZpatgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B1%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h_vLCcCYxj8/XDJEAxHkG2I/AAAAAAAABvE/Prp9I9BOkyEjDt1aj55S0LGA1F8mZpatgCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B1%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The build started with two 1:48 scale planks of Swiss Pear (23 feet 4 inches x 3 inches). </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NUTKNvj7u4A/XDJEA5byUZI/AAAAAAAABwg/5ET4TDj_EWMDGK28qH3gtjX1arqDbaT9QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B3%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NUTKNvj7u4A/XDJEA5byUZI/AAAAAAAABwg/5ET4TDj_EWMDGK28qH3gtjX1arqDbaT9QCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B3%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Perforations were added with a miniature drill bit (the fore and aft perforations match<br />
the NMM artifacts precisely).</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aRWEG4uCq4o/XDJEBikO7NI/AAAAAAAABvM/jROAdJVBSNY--V_gHQGRNDQXX0fDft0lQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B4%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aRWEG4uCq4o/XDJEBikO7NI/AAAAAAAABvM/jROAdJVBSNY--V_gHQGRNDQXX0fDft0lQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B4%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Following the example of master ship modeler Chuck Passaro, I have been experimenting with using card<br />
instead of blackened brass to simulate iron. This is a "blackboard" cardstock that has a suitable texture<br />
and luster.<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The scale thickness is approximately one-half inch.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o6gsgruN1Yk/XDJECLj-6CI/AAAAAAAABvQ/KpKtxZ2-64IDl5yPTMD4M83msa2A7SmFgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B5%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o6gsgruN1Yk/XDJECLj-6CI/AAAAAAAABvQ/KpKtxZ2-64IDl5yPTMD4M83msa2A7SmFgCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B5%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> A three inch (scale) wide strip was cut from the cardstock with a Xacto knife. A very sharp blade is required to<br />
have a clean edge. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EZ5oTnoVRQo/XDJECtqsalI/AAAAAAAABvU/M8yrvxso1gEqG2X5-0zsQocVMdMXH0xLwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B6%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EZ5oTnoVRQo/XDJECtqsalI/AAAAAAAABvU/M8yrvxso1gEqG2X5-0zsQocVMdMXH0xLwCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B6%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The card strips were glued to the runners with CA gel. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iueQP9xjFj8/XDJEDPXI91I/AAAAAAAABwc/KnLbnYxsbxkykiftBusv2X6MZErZyvgqwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iueQP9xjFj8/XDJEDPXI91I/AAAAAAAABwc/KnLbnYxsbxkykiftBusv2X6MZErZyvgqwCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">To simulate the square perforations in the real runners, I made a custom broaching tool. The tool has a square edge<br />
(at the appropriate scale) and is pressed into the drilled holes from both sides to create a square effect </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qxb1DMbXGS4/XDJHxCa9j1I/AAAAAAAABw8/8HrXWa-FD50p7HZ9u78FB7mWnAWZMxXhQCLcBGAs/s1600/Sledge%2B8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qxb1DMbXGS4/XDJHxCa9j1I/AAAAAAAABw8/8HrXWa-FD50p7HZ9u78FB7mWnAWZMxXhQCLcBGAs/s640/Sledge%2B8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the effect of the broaching tool. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P9J2XTmZy5Q/XDJEEGrWFUI/AAAAAAAABwc/S4fXlvTuygoZIYq6_UBEtEcl74qIFvRnACEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B9%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P9J2XTmZy5Q/XDJEEGrWFUI/AAAAAAAABwc/S4fXlvTuygoZIYq6_UBEtEcl74qIFvRnACEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B9%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The crossbars are each 4 scale feet in length, and 4 x 4 scale inches. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6WbG8ltJ6eg/XDJEAz5kn5I/AAAAAAAABvA/lmlZQiqrecks1rYBFG766pWZ6tjfyFjAgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B10a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="576" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6WbG8ltJ6eg/XDJEAz5kn5I/AAAAAAAABvA/lmlZQiqrecks1rYBFG766pWZ6tjfyFjAgCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B10a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chocks were based on the NMM artifact (AA2200), but the lashing slots were<br />
exaggerated slightly to facilitate using scale rope. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IAlbxbPGeBA/XDJELh3c31I/AAAAAAAABvs/070zmACtyI4w3LT-zrUMvHOR_r5p_dmRQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B10b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IAlbxbPGeBA/XDJELh3c31I/AAAAAAAABvs/070zmACtyI4w3LT-zrUMvHOR_r5p_dmRQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B10b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chocks were placed consistent with the<br />
width of a boat keel. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6euBbjgOfWU/XDJELphOikI/AAAAAAAABvo/F1-mKD0weg4aePDorIPIOV2yMtQlbht5gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6euBbjgOfWU/XDJELphOikI/AAAAAAAABvo/F1-mKD0weg4aePDorIPIOV2yMtQlbht5gCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bolt slots were created by carefully drilling through the crossbar and into the edge of the chock. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ypxGuMM1YKE/XDJELvKvejI/AAAAAAAABwk/5CTrcadsZ90pyYxUJQW0xcHT_Ica9KCzwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ypxGuMM1YKE/XDJELvKvejI/AAAAAAAABwk/5CTrcadsZ90pyYxUJQW0xcHT_Ica9KCzwCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A simulated slot in the chock. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Vval18PSw8/XDJEMIdavFI/AAAAAAAABws/XQsLEBy7gQYQlyi7GGIvL3JrXC64vCfiACEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Vval18PSw8/XDJEMIdavFI/AAAAAAAABws/XQsLEBy7gQYQlyi7GGIvL3JrXC64vCfiACEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Including the chock braces, the sledge used an estimated 20 iron bolts. These were simulated with blackened<br />
brass nails (here being chemically blackened in a solution). </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oBNhFI4jAK0/XDJEMfY5FLI/AAAAAAAABw0/19j4yG9cZXIXr9e53IhVdz1FEgCBHX6LQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oBNhFI4jAK0/XDJEMfY5FLI/AAAAAAAABw0/19j4yG9cZXIXr9e53IhVdz1FEgCBHX6LQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bolts/braces glued in place in crossbars and chocks. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vc6kk2KRUms/XDJEM8szHTI/AAAAAAAABw0/9f-GC1f3_8g4hXXgsTmTnJ6WCOk25BZJACEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vc6kk2KRUms/XDJEM8szHTI/AAAAAAAABw0/9f-GC1f3_8g4hXXgsTmTnJ6WCOk25BZJACEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heavy lashing simulated with scale rope. Here a "common whipping" was used for the lashing. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hOiovAL3fGg/XDJENKgv0WI/AAAAAAAABwk/PQDLgAdzm80p3WoVVT-GCo9zrR9UhNnSQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hOiovAL3fGg/XDJENKgv0WI/AAAAAAAABwk/PQDLgAdzm80p3WoVVT-GCo9zrR9UhNnSQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crossbars glued and bolted in place. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Nxtz8qLY12I/XDJENUVZvkI/AAAAAAAABws/CUfF-R_kUAEdgimGIZnzJWzq8aRp6xSoACEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Nxtz8qLY12I/XDJENUVZvkI/AAAAAAAABws/CUfF-R_kUAEdgimGIZnzJWzq8aRp6xSoACEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In addition to the bolts, lashings were added to the crossbars, consistent with the historical descriptions.<br />
The lashing is consistent with Royal Navy sledge lashings from the late 19th century.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3gNkkZ6EXRQ/XDJEUUtApxI/AAAAAAAABww/QjWiAK_4LzgZg1wIWHT7BqIMVJYexOzUwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3gNkkZ6EXRQ/XDJEUUtApxI/AAAAAAAABww/QjWiAK_4LzgZg1wIWHT7BqIMVJYexOzUwCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed sledge compared to the scale plans (an early plan version missing some features) </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S2wc6WGB68I/XDJEUaHp__I/AAAAAAAABws/Jrmo2qmT3TYxc8RngQNhDbFQ-5A7ZPdQwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S2wc6WGB68I/XDJEUaHp__I/AAAAAAAABws/Jrmo2qmT3TYxc8RngQNhDbFQ-5A7ZPdQwCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The fore view of the sledge with Mini-Crozier for scale. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XZsG7Ko-EpQ/XDJEUWY4W5I/AAAAAAAABwo/Qgkp3-F9LQsvyxvMBEJwcgOoNmNZyFD7QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XZsG7Ko-EpQ/XDJEUWY4W5I/AAAAAAAABwo/Qgkp3-F9LQsvyxvMBEJwcgOoNmNZyFD7QCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier contemplates the sledge construction while waiting for his modified boat. The similarity to<br />
Inuit sleds is very evident here. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--5gAUsxKh5o/XDJEU2WqNJI/AAAAAAAABww/ThZzy9N1bIQxt4KsMbV2upcCm0X3S4O4gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1023" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--5gAUsxKh5o/XDJEU2WqNJI/AAAAAAAABww/ThZzy9N1bIQxt4KsMbV2upcCm0X3S4O4gCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A coat of Minwax wipe on poly restores the luster and colour of the Swiss Pear, and protects the model. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJ86vuX4LF4/XDJEVl7kDnI/AAAAAAAABw0/o7C0jD5V2DEaRe_XdJRmfsyJOrfX4tyRQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2B23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJ86vuX4LF4/XDJEVl7kDnI/AAAAAAAABw0/o7C0jD5V2DEaRe_XdJRmfsyJOrfX4tyRQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2B23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier inspects the heavy iron runners and heavy fastenings on the underside of the sledge.</td></tr>
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References:</div>
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Cyriax, R. J. 1963. Arctic Sledge Travelling by Officers of The Royal Navy, 1819–49. <i>The Mariner's Mirror</i> 49(2): 127-142.</div>
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W.H. Gilder, W. H. 1881. <i>Schwatka's Search: Sledging in the Arctic in Quest of the Franklin Records</i>. Scribner's Sons, New York.</div>
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Goodwin, P. 1987. <i>The Construction and Fitting of the Sailing Man of War</i>. Conway Maritime Press, London.</div>
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McClintock, F. L. 1860. <i>The Voyage of the "Fox" in the Arctic Seas: A Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of Sir John Franklin and His Companions</i>. John Murray, London.</div>
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Parry, E.W. 1824. J<i>ournal of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific: Performed in the Years 1821-22-23, in His Majesty's Ships Fury and Hecla, Under the Orders of Captain William Edward Parry, R.N., F.R.S., and Commander to the Expedition</i>. J. Murray, London.</div>
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Pearson, M. 1995. <i>Sledges and Sledging in Polar Regions</i>. <i>Polar Record</i> 31 (176): 3-24.</div>
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Stenton, D. R. 2014. A Most Inhospitable Coast: The Report of Lieutenant William Hobson’s 1859 Search for the Franklin Expedition on King William Island. <i>Arctic</i> 67 (4): 511–522.<br />
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com48tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-4101188800699355282018-05-10T15:25:00.000-07:002018-05-10T15:25:02.149-07:00BUILDING “THE TERROR”<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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It all started with an email. Dave Kajganich had written to say that he and Soo Hugh were making a television show with AMC networks called “The Terror”, based on Dan Simmon’s fictionalized novel. They were fans of my blog, he wrote. They cared about historical accuracy, and Franklin’s ships were critical to the production. He asked if I would like to share a “wish list of things you'd really like a screen depiction of these ships to make sure to get right”. I climbed upstairs to see my wife, the smile still on my face, and exclaimed: “You’ll never guess who just wrote me.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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I emailed back, describing how I saw <i>Terror</i> as her own character in the Franklin drama; how I believed her plight mirrored that of her captain; how the capabilities and technology of the ships were critical to the Franklin mystery. Of course, I was happy to help them in any way that I could. I was invited to a conference call with the producers and writers. Eventually, I wrote an eight-page memo for the writing team about a dozen spaces/places on the ship that might serve as critical settings for their story (only one didn’t appear on screen). You can view <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-8p46U9rPdZ26LxNZj4BVEwfLMdf9yuE/view?usp=sharing">that memo here</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Soon, I was having a conference call with the production designers and visual effects team. They were planning to reconstruct <i>Terror </i>and her lower decks at full scale (at full scale!). They would need all my original plans and research, and they wanted to know everything I had learned about the ships and their fittings during my model project. Eventually, I provided every file and reference image I had on my computer; I had to purchase more storage space on my Dropbox account just to share it all.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wJATU3zCt-o/WuXO-RP42PI/AAAAAAAABks/7ArB2xRthOsa4sB0exFuJjaNNPKuntztwCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6209.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wJATU3zCt-o/WuXO-RP42PI/AAAAAAAABks/7ArB2xRthOsa4sB0exFuJjaNNPKuntztwCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6209.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror production built their ship at 1:1 scale. I will never forget the thrill of stepping aboard <i>Terror</i> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">- 170 years after it had been abandoned. From left to right: Dave Kajganich, Jonathan McKinstry, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">and Matthew Betts stand on <i>Terror's</i> Quarterdeck. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/franklin/archive/image/TerrorWheel_en.htm" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cm3XrKSqKTk/WuZj-yM1LOI/AAAAAAAABo4/K7OffrppBt8SEiAuKaptMgNswo5KSSf8ACLcBGAs/s640/TerrorWheel.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">For comparison, the preserved wheel on HMS <i>Terror</i>. Photo Credit: <a href="http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/franklin/archive/image/TerrorWheel_en.htm">Thierry Boyer, ©Parks Canada</a></span></td></tr>
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I don’t know if my journey was typical, but this was how I was hired as a historical advisor on “The Terror”. My primary roles in the series were threefold. First, I provided my original plans and research to the brilliant production designer, Jonathan McKinstry, who used them to reconstruct the ships at full scale. Jonathan and I wrote countless emails back and forth, and we used hundreds of photos, paintings, and plans of historical vessel and models, scrutinizing the smallest details of the ships. Second, I worked with Deryck Blake, the property master, and Kevin Downey, the set decorator, on recreating the material culture of the voyage. We exchanged hundreds of notes, images, documents, research papers, and videos - on subjects as mundane as 19th-century caulker’s tools, to topics as esoteric as how a compass needle reacts near the North Magnetic Pole (yes, sometimes they will spin, especially if the ship changes course). Lastly, I assisted Dave and Soo with their questions about shipboard life during polar expeditions - how the ships functioned and responded to polar conditions and pack ice, and facts (and hypotheses) about the Franklin expedition and its fate.<br />
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ON THE SHIPS:<o:p></o:p></div>
The ship sets built for The Terror are highly accurate recreations of the vessels; perhaps the most accurate ship reconstructions ever created for television. The work of building the sets started with my original plans of HMS <i>Terror</i>, which I had created over five years of intensive historical research.<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: No historical plans existed for <i>Terror </i>in her 1845 configuration. I reconstructed </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">them from multiple plans (like the one shown here) and extensive historical research. Image Credit: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85463.html">ZAZ5672, </a></span><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85463.html" style="font-size: medium;">National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Reference: Eventually, I was able to reconstruct <i>Terror’s</i> outboard configuration in 1845. I also </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">created a full set of shipwright’s drawings for all decks, fittings, and construction. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Image Credit: “Outboard Profile, HMS <i>Terror</i>, as fitted, 1845”, Matthew Betts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Production Office: This is one of the many pin-boards used in Budapest. Here my original </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">plans are surrounded by the production blueprints created by Jonathan McKinstry, Timi Antal, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">and their talented team. Photo Credit: Matthew Betts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<blockquote class="twitter-video" data-lang="en">
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Before the crew abandons the ships, take a look at what it took for the designers to make them. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheTerror?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#TheTerror</a> <a href="https://t.co/Gjso1t2hyR">pic.twitter.com/Gjso1t2hyR</a></div>
— The Terror (@TheTerrorAMC) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheTerrorAMC/status/990244380131782656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 28, 2018</a></blockquote>
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The Terror Set: The production built the ship on a sound stage in Budapest using techniques remarkably like those I used to build my model. The tracks shown in the video allow the ship to be moved, permitting different configurations of icescape to be set around it. Note also the ability to tilt the ship, which was critical for later episodes. Video Credit: Twitter/ AMC.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: The sound stages used for the production weren’t large enough to permit a full reconstruction </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">of the masts and rigging. Those details, along with the icescape and sky, were added by the VFX team, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">who recreated both ships digitally in enormous detail. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Reference: The Terror also used my model to assist with the reconstruction of the ships. This view of the </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">upper deck shows all the major fittings. Photo Credit: Canadian Museum of History, Steven Darby, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">IMG2017-18545. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror: A view of the upper deck of HMS <i>Terror</i> in Episode 1. Note the provisions, supplies, and </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">boats crammed on her deck. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9LbnrfxVrMU/WuXXHkhWh8I/AAAAAAAABnI/PDH3LKM224IB_yJ6w8FNHyXwzQEz3KfuwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_6759.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9LbnrfxVrMU/WuXXHkhWh8I/AAAAAAAABnI/PDH3LKM224IB_yJ6w8FNHyXwzQEz3KfuwCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_6759.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Reference: A macro view of the quarterdeck on my <i>Terror </i>model. Note the <i>Terror’s</i> unique ten spoke wheel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Terror’s quarterdeck brought to life (between scenes), at winter quarters </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">(e.g. with canvas covering the deck). The structures at the stern were water closets and </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">colour lockers. Note the unique ten spoke wheel. Photo Credit: Alex Eldridge. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: The Illustrated London News published this iconic woodcut of <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">departing Greenhithe on May 19<sup>th</sup>, 1845. Image Credit: Illustrated London News, May 24<sup>th</sup>, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">1845, Page 328. <a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=hM9CAQAAIAAJ&vq=erebus&pg=PA328#v=onepage&q&f=false">Google Books. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror: <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> enter the pack in Episode 1. Notice the sun dog to the right. Photo Credit: AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">Historical Reference: The bow of HMS <i>Erebus</i> as she currently sits on the ocean </span><span lang="EN-CA">floor. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">The discovery by Parks Canada of HMS <i>Erebus </i></span>in 2014, and HMS <i>Terror</i> in </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">2016, substantially impacted The Terror, and the photos released by the </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">archaeological team became important resources. Photo Credit: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Thierry Boyer, </span><span style="font-size: small;">©Parks Canada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: The bow of the ship set as reconstructed in Budapest. Walking up to it, you almost felt like a </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Parks Canada archaeologist. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: <i>Terror’s</i> first arctic voyage in 1836/1837, under Captain George Back, left a detailed record </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">of paintings and images depicting the vessel and her dramatic exploits. The production team relied heavily </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">on this resource to bring accuracy to their sets. Note the canvas awning on the ship and the complex </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">snow structures. Image Credit: <a href="https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/fisher2%3AF7383_0047">F7383_0047. HMS Terror at winter quarters, January 1837, </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/fisher2%3AF7383_0047">Owen Stanley, Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vspgkZWk4nQ/Wu-gz9BgEOI/AAAAAAAABqg/KjCsWcqYTuQ4fznPolNvw9mCNw38U38cACEwYBhgL/s1600/104_lsr_013_0010_v1014.1112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vspgkZWk4nQ/Wu-gz9BgEOI/AAAAAAAABqg/KjCsWcqYTuQ4fznPolNvw9mCNw38U38cACEwYBhgL/s640/104_lsr_013_0010_v1014.1112.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: HMS <i>Terror </i>at winter quarters, with her canvas awning protecting the deck. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Note the snow structures and ramp. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/secondseriesofra00bree#page/306/mode/2up" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="871" data-original-width="1600" height="348" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XotggiFdHls/WuXRxLWoyZI/AAAAAAAABmE/-nrbXQhzj4ch5r0cqVDVP-IX-oynjpDUgCLcBGAs/s640/Croydon%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: Erebus and Terror were among the first Royal Navy sailing vessels to be <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">converted to screw propulsion. This was accomplished by installing railway locomotives in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">their holds. Peter Carney has conducted extensive research on this conversion and has <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">determined that Archimedes and Croydon (shown here), identical locomotive <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">engines, were likely candidates. This is the only known plan of the Croydon <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">type engine. Image Credit: <a href="https://archive.org/details/secondseriesofra00bree">Brees, Samuel, 1840. Second Series <o:p></o:p></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/secondseriesofra00bree">of Railway Practice. John Williams, London. Archive.org. </a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.ca/2011/02/engine-room.html" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="794" height="582" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vxxH6RqYHV8/WuXTCgin2CI/AAAAAAAABmM/JTaWGVf3Z80sq1c1AUzbdsAxDGBGOUUdgCLcBGAs/s640/engine%2Broom%2B3.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Reference: Peter Carney has provided detailed reconstructions of how these engines </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">may have been installed in<i> Erebus </i></span>and <i>Terror</i>. Peter assisted me extensively </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">in the development of this portion of my HMS <i>Terror </i>plans. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Image Credit: <a href="http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.ca/2011/02/engine-room.html">Peter Carney, Erebus and Terror Files</a>.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-43mFjVkLHlM/WuXOvJTxDcI/AAAAAAAABkA/ROn_f2n69SESlFLYDJocX4rBXt1LwDUEgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_2074.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-43mFjVkLHlM/WuXOvJTxDcI/AAAAAAAABkA/ROn_f2n69SESlFLYDJocX4rBXt1LwDUEgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_2074.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: The locomotive engine appears only briefly in Episode 1 but was reconstructed at full scale in </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Budapest. All the levers and controls worked, and the flywheel was operated by a hand crank set just outside </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">the set. Image Credit: Alex Eldridge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MkV5j34_Fb8/WuXPNIK2dTI/AAAAAAAABk8/x2mr7-lkjy0NR5O4KohzGip6UpHZi4HlACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6294.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MkV5j34_Fb8/WuXPNIK2dTI/AAAAAAAABk8/x2mr7-lkjy0NR5O4KohzGip6UpHZi4HlACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6294.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Image of the Croydon engine facing forward, with the orlop deck above. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This photo provides a sense </span>of<span style="font-size: small;"> the very cramped space. Photo Credit: Matthew Betts. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Obm1gvSB5cA/WuWbfgMu2II/AAAAAAAABgw/QGoM14GWS3oQiBw5S5it80hU0auO5VAJgCLcBGAs/s1600/Stern.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="975" data-original-width="1280" height="486" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Obm1gvSB5cA/WuWbfgMu2II/AAAAAAAABgw/QGoM14GWS3oQiBw5S5it80hU0auO5VAJgCLcBGAs/s640/Stern.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: When locomotive engines were installed in <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i>, an </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">extensive refit of the stern </span>was required to accommodate the screw propeller. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Oliver Lang, master shipwright for the Royal Navy, designed these </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">modifications and outlined them in the above plan. Image Credit: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html"><span lang="EN-US">ZAZ5683</span>, </a><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html">National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0947bsGdTL0/WuXU5tg6H-I/AAAAAAAABmg/dZooV_xClQUQ542AmRjAtPJPeGu6Cq6BQCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6712.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1222" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0947bsGdTL0/WuXU5tg6H-I/AAAAAAAABmg/dZooV_xClQUQ542AmRjAtPJPeGu6Cq6BQCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6712.JPG" width="488" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: The stern was a very complex 3D structure, as shown in my model </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">of HMS <i>Terror</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B_gvtgxf5Rg/WuXJrhA0kwI/AAAAAAAABjA/pM2j3SV-tZEgJz-sQEuVlZdq3pbOkOdxgCLcBGAs/s1600/101_mcd_039_0190_v1027.1039.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B_gvtgxf5Rg/WuXJrhA0kwI/AAAAAAAABjA/pM2j3SV-tZEgJz-sQEuVlZdq3pbOkOdxgCLcBGAs/s640/101_mcd_039_0190_v1027.1039.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The production recreated <i>Erebus’ </i>unusual stern with great historical accuracy for a </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">pivotal scene. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s7WPME5mdUM/WuTmALSiDhI/AAAAAAAABe0/iCZ9Bl-S8iUtru3JtH7b_vr1gB_4vkWoACLcBGAs/s1600/Parks%2BCanada%2BIluminator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1120" data-original-width="1600" height="448" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s7WPME5mdUM/WuTmALSiDhI/AAAAAAAABe0/iCZ9Bl-S8iUtru3JtH7b_vr1gB_4vkWoACLcBGAs/s640/Parks%2BCanada%2BIluminator.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: To provide natural light to the dark lower deck, 31 Preston Patent Illuminators </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">(essentially glass portholes) were installed in the upper decks of the ships. One of these was recently </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">recovered from HMS <i>Erebus</i> by Parks Canada. Photo Credit: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/franklin/recherche-search/franklin2015/sec05/">89m-2015-4533,</a></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/franklin/recherche-search/franklin2015/sec05/">Thierry Boyer, ©Parks Canada.</a></span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_G8vTMAIJWg/WuWgCNXL87I/AAAAAAAABhs/3SMjNWaxSMAW4vTKhn7U-kBpN09-GkdAgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_6228.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_G8vTMAIJWg/WuWgCNXL87I/AAAAAAAABhs/3SMjNWaxSMAW4vTKhn7U-kBpN09-GkdAgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_6228.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><o:p> </o:p>The Terror Set: The production installed 31 real illuminators in the upper </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">deck set. As this photo from the filming of Episode 4 shows, sometimes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">the production informed our understanding of Franklin history. Not <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">only did the illuminators let natural light in, they let artificial light <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">from lanterns below deck to spill out. This would have been a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">welcome source of light on the upper deck during the darkest <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">winter months. Photo Credit: Matthew Betts </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fj4homVKXq4/WuEpkyox0jI/AAAAAAAABcc/-ZUBDNcka3c5okJLuW8ksOFR2N3lSdo6gCLcBGAs/s1600/Illustrated%2BLondon%2BNews%2BGreat%2BCabin.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="618" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fj4homVKXq4/WuEpkyox0jI/AAAAAAAABcc/-ZUBDNcka3c5okJLuW8ksOFR2N3lSdo6gCLcBGAs/s640/Illustrated%2BLondon%2BNews%2BGreat%2BCabin.JPG" width="548" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Historical Reference: The great cabin of <i>Erebus</i> was sketched by an artist just prior to her </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">departure on May 19<sup>th</sup>, 1845. Note the captain’s table and the cabin stove. Image Credit: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Illustrated London News, May 24<sup>th</sup>, 1845, Page 328. <a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=hM9CAQAAIAAJ&vq=erebus&pg=PA328#v=onepage&q&f=false">Google Book</a><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=hM9CAQAAIAAJ&vq=erebus&pg=PA328#v=onepage&q&f=false">s</a>. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBjWnQT_xBk/WuXPyMc8l6I/AAAAAAAABl4/AT9RgNHMtEgaZYN2VwcWWOKr5xAa0UqXACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_8353.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBjWnQT_xBk/WuXPyMc8l6I/AAAAAAAABl4/AT9RgNHMtEgaZYN2VwcWWOKr5xAa0UqXACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_8353.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">Historical Reference: The Canadian Museum of History used my plans to recreate the exact </span>dimensions </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">and shape of <i>Erebus’ </i>great cabin in the <a href="https://www.historymuseum.ca/franklin/">Death in the Ice</a> exhibition (running until September 2018). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The display contains a real fragment of the captain’s table, recovered by Parks Canada</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> archaeologists from the wreck of HMS<i> Erebus</i>. Photo Credit: Matthew Betts.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: This photo shows the remarkable reconstruction of the captain's great cabin for the television show. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">Note the captain’s table and the cabin stove (moved to the starboard for ease of filming). </span>I first visited this </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">set when it was unlit and we had to use our cellphones as flashlights. I had a remarkable sensation </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">of being a Parks Canada archaeologist, swimming through the actual wreck of <i>Terror</i>. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Matthew Betts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Beautifully lit, and dominated by the presence of Ciarán Hinds, the great cabin is </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">brought to life. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iRHfsYbQ0uM/WuWb5NNDnJI/AAAAAAAABhA/0PQ_te1zrz0dh1bpUBD42T60RE9vbnsBQCLcBGAs/s1600/Illustrated%2BLondon%2BNews%2BOfficer%2BCabin.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="735" data-original-width="612" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iRHfsYbQ0uM/WuWb5NNDnJI/AAAAAAAABhA/0PQ_te1zrz0dh1bpUBD42T60RE9vbnsBQCLcBGAs/s640/Illustrated%2BLondon%2BNews%2BOfficer%2BCabin.JPG" width="532" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: The Illustrated London News also printed a woodcut of Captain Fitzjames' </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">bed cabin. Note the ornate scrollwork on the bed. Image Credit: Illustrated </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">London News May 24<sup>th</sup>, 1845, Page 328. <a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=hM9CAQAAIAAJ&vq=erebus&pg=PA328#v=onepage&q&f=false">Google Books.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: Captain Crozier's bed cabin, from my plans, based on historical draughts. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Franklin's bed </span><span style="font-size: small;">cabin </span><span style="font-size: small;">was identical in layout. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Franklin's bed cabin, Erebus. The Terror designers <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">modified the furniture layout slightly, to avoid having the actors<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> sit with their backs to the camera. Franklin's bed rail was also <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">given a more ornate finish consistent with his status. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Matthew Betts</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: John Irving's bed cabin, from my plans, based on historical </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">draughts.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Note the ornate scrollwork on the bed. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Crozier (Jared Harris) recovers in his bed cabin. Note the scrollwork on the </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">bed. Photo Credit: Twitter/AMC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: We used many photos of historical vessels, including <a href="http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/">HMS <i>Trincomalee</i></a>, </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">a contemporary of <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i>. Photo Credit: Ian Petticrew.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8dQS5WrMPvY/WuXPwNmAvVI/AAAAAAAABls/c_BzUI6a0gU41ba4VrDnkWVyH6MWXwrggCEwYBhgL/s1600/Crew%2BMess%2BPlans%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="570" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8dQS5WrMPvY/WuXPwNmAvVI/AAAAAAAABls/c_BzUI6a0gU41ba4VrDnkWVyH6MWXwrggCEwYBhgL/s640/Crew%2BMess%2BPlans%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="570" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: My plans for <i>Terror’s</i> lower deck are based on at least six original historic draughts (here </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">only half the breadth of the ship is displayed). These resources even provide evidence for the exact </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">design and dimensions of the unique seaman’s chests, each shared by two crew members. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Detail of a mess table on the Terror set. Note the accurately recreated seaman’s chests, </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">and the design elements borrowed from HMS <i>Trincomalee</i>. While evidence suggests iron hoops </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">were used to support the tables on both Erebus and Terror, for the television show rope was used </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">on <i>Terror</i>, and iron hoops on <i>Erebus</i>, to provide some visual orientation for the audience. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: This image shows my reconstructed plans of a Fraser’s Patent Stove, based on original </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">patents and Admiralty drawings. Fraser’s stove was a technological marvel <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2015/03/mr-diggles-galley-stove.html">(see here for details) </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">and was an important part of everyday shipboard life. Note the water desalinator/ice </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">melting tank above the stove. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">Reference: Peter Carney has studied the technology and function of Fraser’s stove and has </span>recently </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">published a paper on its role in the Franklin disaster. His 3D reconstruction provided important </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">information for The Terror. Image Credit: <a href="http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.ca/2015/03/frasers-patent-firehearth-and-coppers.html">Peter Carney, Erebus and Terror Files. </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Fraser's Patent Stove was meticulously recreated for the production. Note the </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">ice melting tank above the stove. This is one of my favorite set reconstructions. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Alex Eldridge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Reference: Both ships had a unique sail bin placed in the central portion of the lower deck (shown on</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"> the left of this half-breadth cross section). Sails were usually stored on the orlop deck, but the </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">sail bin was placed in the middle of the men’s sleeping quarters (on the lower deck) on </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror </i>because the locomotive engine displaced the sail room. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--fbPlsRQSRo/WuXPy7h21RI/AAAAAAAABl8/EzQ1MjmaAzEq0bWmucxQsyuqjivHXLTXQCEwYBhgL/s1600/screen-shot-2018-04-03-at-5-02-53-pm.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="287" data-original-width="610" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--fbPlsRQSRo/WuXPy7h21RI/AAAAAAAABl8/EzQ1MjmaAzEq0bWmucxQsyuqjivHXLTXQCEwYBhgL/s640/screen-shot-2018-04-03-at-5-02-53-pm.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: Despite the valuable space it took up on the cramped lower deck set, the production </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">included the sail bin, and even used it to organize the men for a scene depicting their weekly </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">muster. I was very impressed by this commitment to realism, despite the challenges it </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">posed for the production. Photo Credit: AMC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span> <span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span> <span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA">OFF THE SHIPS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Once the men were forced to desert <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i>, they began leaving a trail of archeological evidence down the west coast of King William Island. Later, search parties and archaeologists collected these relics, and together with historical documents, they have formed a primary reference for the material culture of The Terror.<br />
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<span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span> <span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span> <span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sZ5jtLN2bYM/WuXPyKreGnI/AAAAAAAABl8/pZRIPHaThCcvL0tj1tMgbpOv38Yk-q8FQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Sledge%2BRunner%2BAAAA2283.2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sZ5jtLN2bYM/WuXPyKreGnI/AAAAAAAABl8/pZRIPHaThCcvL0tj1tMgbpOv38Yk-q8FQCEwYBhgL/s640/Sledge%2BRunner%2BAAAA2283.2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: This photo shows a piece of a runner from one of Franklin’s massive boat sledges. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/368778.html">AAA2283.2, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kxjVl4HJodA/WuXh-kOkrSI/AAAAAAAABoY/Il5ScTs1mPwwxUvgX4ASBVv4Wvd8YoLtgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_6271.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kxjVl4HJodA/WuXh-kOkrSI/AAAAAAAABoY/Il5ScTs1mPwwxUvgX4ASBVv4Wvd8YoLtgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_6271.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Using the above artifact, and descriptions recorded by Francis </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Leopold </span><span style="font-size: small;">McClintock, the production reconstructe</span><span style="font-size: small;">d the sledges at full size</span><span style="font-size: small;">. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BVPn4O9mvms/WuXWQLfmmRI/AAAAAAAABm4/y-qDAcT5djwi5thXmJCmbSueL2mgPP4ZQCLcBGAs/s1600/AAA2282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="1280" height="318" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BVPn4O9mvms/WuXWQLfmmRI/AAAAAAAABm4/y-qDAcT5djwi5thXmJCmbSueL2mgPP4ZQCLcBGAs/s640/AAA2282.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: This is a fragment of the stem post and apron from the boat left at the </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">famous “Boat Place” </span><span style="font-size: small;">on King William Island, first found by McClintock’s search </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">expedition. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2281.html">AAA2282, </a></span><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2281.html" style="font-size: medium;">National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.</a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i-iTACrYfi8/WuXPwsiHYFI/AAAAAAAABls/VEKfjnyN0aAoSl5lME_4P-pUPI56XcO8QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Forged%2Bthe%2Blast%2Blink%2BBCH1273.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1280" height="378" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i-iTACrYfi8/WuXPwsiHYFI/AAAAAAAABls/VEKfjnyN0aAoSl5lME_4P-pUPI56XcO8QCEwYBhgL/s640/Forged%2Bthe%2Blast%2Blink%2BBCH1273.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: William Thomas Smith’s famous painting, entitled “They Forged the Last Link </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">With their Lives” is a highly accurate reconstruction of the material culture found at the “Boat Place,” </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">based on McClintock’s descriptions and the artifacts he recovered from King William Island. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/12764.html">BHC1273, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LyfUAcc4dKk/WuXO6LQkKEI/AAAAAAAABkI/Gp2t0CABBSIPPi4v-upC8KvePieRX_KmgCEwYBhgL/s1600/unnamed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1040" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LyfUAcc4dKk/WuXO6LQkKEI/AAAAAAAABkI/Gp2t0CABBSIPPi4v-upC8KvePieRX_KmgCEwYBhgL/s640/unnamed.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Reconstructed boat and sledge based on multiple historical sources. These “lighter” </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">fiberglass props were so heavy that the crew had trouble pulling them even when unloaded. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BCkKo79JfUs/WuXPxGBRATI/AAAAAAAABlw/e9qdLRpgOxo2Ex2FBICTgFckwbT3yFEzACEwYBhgL/s1600/Harness%2BAAA2261.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1280" height="278" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BCkKo79JfUs/WuXPxGBRATI/AAAAAAAABlw/e9qdLRpgOxo2Ex2FBICTgFckwbT3yFEzACEwYBhgL/s640/Harness%2BAAA2261.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: One of the actual harnesses used to pull the sledges. This one is presumed to </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">have belonged to the 11th member of a sledge crew from HMS <i>Terror</i>. It was found at “Crozier’s </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Landing” on King William Island, where the Expedition landed when <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> were </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">deserted in April 1848. Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2260.html">AAA2261, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. <o:p></o:p></a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDhrl4TAzoQ/WuXWgIDAK2I/AAAAAAAABnA/3sGzSMh-GdMvHiEeuSVQed7gSTgSVzcxQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_6273.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDhrl4TAzoQ/WuXWgIDAK2I/AAAAAAAABnA/3sGzSMh-GdMvHiEeuSVQed7gSTgSVzcxQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_6273.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The cast used accurate reconstructions of the harnesses to haul their sledges. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qj-21cbscNU/WuXi_GBnJ4I/AAAAAAAABog/yyryHpNw1oUJTjrZk-IojzvJatvws4N2gCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_8606%2B%25281%2529%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1155" height="424" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qj-21cbscNU/WuXi_GBnJ4I/AAAAAAAABog/yyryHpNw1oUJTjrZk-IojzvJatvws4N2gCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_8606%2B%25281%2529%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: The first men to die on the Franklin expedition were buried in very carefully </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">constructed coffins on Beechey Island (before the events depicted in The Terror). </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/422212533810349868">Brian Spenceley, Pinterest. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The art department carefully reconstructed the felt-covered coffin from Beechey </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Island for a pivotal scene in The Terror. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f7hH4NUTk60/WuTgVwHZjiI/AAAAAAAABdo/060EgQv4SaI5zsw5Y2_Ti5u1gJxuu54IACLcBGAs/s1600/Captain%2BDags.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="1600" height="268" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f7hH4NUTk60/WuTgVwHZjiI/AAAAAAAABdo/060EgQv4SaI5zsw5Y2_Ti5u1gJxuu54IACLcBGAs/s640/Captain%2BDags.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: The officers of the Franklin Expedition were photographed with <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">a daguerreotype camera immediately prior to their departure (the camera was <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">taken with them for the voyage). From left to right, Sir John Franklin, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">James Fitzjames, and Francis Crozier. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xfxRXwSL3iE/WuTg6J7cksI/AAAAAAAABdw/OhdUMSzummELvEtRs4yLXUXW7Thre1yuwCLcBGAs/s1600/Captains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xfxRXwSL3iE/WuTg6J7cksI/AAAAAAAABdw/OhdUMSzummELvEtRs4yLXUXW7Thre1yuwCLcBGAs/s640/Captains.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The art department carefully recreated the daguerreotype images of the senior </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">officers. </span><span style="font-size: small;">They were made slightly larger (and with a different coating) than actual </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">daguerreotypes, which are very small </span><span style="font-size: small;">and notorisouly difficult to film. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">From left to right: Ciarán Hinds, Tobias Menzies, and Jared Harris.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: The Admiralty Board determined all aspects of Franklin’s orders and, </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">when he did not return,</span><span style="font-size: small;"> was tasked with organizing the official Royal Navy search effort. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Photo Reference: </span><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/105543.html" style="font-size: medium;">PAD1392, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Terror Set: The Admiralty Board scenes were shot on location at a historic property in Budapest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2180.html" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S9CvcZ5DzTE/WuErn0mxrdI/AAAAAAAABc8/zuMy_q_myj4RxdVxr0uvArXoyhgTHOTZwCLcBGAs/s640/DbpCfSKWkAALNt5.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historic Reference: This beaded purse was recovered from the “Boat Place” on King William Island. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2180.html">AAA2181, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The purse was carefully recreated by the art department </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">for the series.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historic Reference: Goldner’s preserved foods, packaged in lead-soldered tins, </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">have </span><span style="font-size: small;">been considered </span><span style="font-size: small;">a critical part of the Franklin mystery for generations. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The lead solder in the tins was suspected to </span><span style="font-size: small;">be a primary source of the </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">high lead content found in the remains of some of Franklin’s men. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">They were painted a unique red colour and given a special label </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">providing instructions for opening </span><span style="font-size: small;">them. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2275.html">AAA2275, </a><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2275.html">National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.</a> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historic Reference: Despite the vast quantity of tins brought on the Expedition, only a few well-</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">preserved </span>specimens were recovered from Franklin sites on Beechey Island and King </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">William Island. Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2274.html">AAA2276, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Our "Goldner" tins recreate the images on the original labels </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">(to the extent that they can be discerned), as well as the original text,</span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">reproduced </span><span style="font-size: small;">word-for-word. The reproductions differ from the originals </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">slightly; </span><span style="font-size: small;">the red paint on </span><span style="font-size: small;">The Terror cans is more vibrant, the labels are </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">a </span><span style="font-size: small;">little larger, and the </span><span style="font-size: small;">lead solder is highlighted on the rims; </span><span style="font-size: small;">all are </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">accommodations for the camera. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Matthew Betts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Property Master Deryck Blake shows off an assortment of </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Goldner tins used in </span><span style="font-size: small;">The Terror. Also visible are the reproduction early </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">can openers, inspired by the images </span><span style="font-size: small;">on the preserved labels (see above). </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Matthew Betts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: This small book, entitled the “Vicar of Wakefield”,</span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"> was </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">found in </span><span style="font-size: small;">the ship’s boat discovered on the shores of Erebus Bay, </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">King </span><span style="font-size: small;">William Island. Undoubtedly, its size was a component in its</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> being brought off ship</span>. <span style="font-size: small;">Photo credit: </span><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2153.html"><span style="font-size: small;">AAA2154, National Maritime </span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2153.html">Museum, Greenwich.</a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The Vicar of Wakefield appears in a poignant scene early in the season. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Aidan Twitter/AMC.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: Snow blindness was a real danger for men sledging over the spring pack. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">These goggles, with copper mesh lenses, were custom-made for the march south, indicating </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">the men prepared carefully before deserting the ships. Photo Reference: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2162.html">AAA2163, </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2162.html">National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vr8A8q-b55k/WuXKKuHO3OI/AAAAAAAABjI/TfbaMBn0yTohB_zMz2iNjj4_vi89m5SdwCLcBGAs/s1600/TERROR_107_AM_0410_0067-RT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vr8A8q-b55k/WuXKKuHO3OI/AAAAAAAABjI/TfbaMBn0yTohB_zMz2iNjj4_vi89m5SdwCLcBGAs/s640/TERROR_107_AM_0410_0067-RT.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The wire goggles above were faithfully reconstructed for use by the actors. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historic Reference: A pair of blue-tinted snow goggles found on King William Island is presumed </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">to have protected the eyes of an officer. Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2194.html">AAA2195, National Maritime </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2194.html">Museum, Greenwich. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Jared Harris (Francis Crozier) wears a carefully recreated pair of </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">blue-tinted snow goggles in Episode 7. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: AMC</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Add captionHistorical References: “Welsh wigs”, a type of knitted toque with an ornate <br />border, were used by many Royal Navy arctic expeditions, including Franklin’s. A<br />welsh wig knitted before 1854 was donated to the St. Fagan’s National History <br />Museum (F69.353), and <a href="http://wickedwoollens.blogspot.ca/2013/04/welsh-wig-1854.html">Sally Pointer, a historic knitting enthusiast</a>, was <br />recently able to recreate the pattern (<a href="https://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/welsh-wig">download it here</a>, or<a href="https://www.sallypointer.com/product-page/welsh-wig"> buy it here</a>). <br />Annie Symons, the brilliant costume designer for the series, used this<br />pattern to create dozens of welsh wigs for the cast of The Terror.<br />Photo Credit: <a href="http://wickedwoollens.blogspot.ca/2013/04/welsh-wig-1854.html">Sally Pointer</a>.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Paul Ready (Harry Goodsir) wears his welsh wig. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: I was given my own Welsh wig (along with frostbite, mutton </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">chops, sea </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">boots, muffler, </span><span style="font-size: small;">and slops) for my brief time as an extra </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">for Episode 4. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Selfie Credit: Matthew Betts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: Annie Symons used images of real Franklin footwear to inspire her costume designs. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">This sea boot was found at Starvation Cove, on the Adelaide Peninsula. Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2295.html">AAA2296,</a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/2295.html"> National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: Ian Hart (Thomas Blanky) in his sea boots. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA">The Terror: Sea boots dominate this opening shot from Episode 6 . </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historical Reference: Lists of officer’s clothing and standard </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">issue slops used on Fraklin's expedition exist, but little is </span><br />
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">known about the </span><span style="font-size: small;">clothing the men wore when they deserted </span>the<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">ships. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Instead, we looked to the garments Sir Francis Leopold </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">McClintock </span><span style="font-size: small;">constructed for his 1857-1859 searching voyage, </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">which </span><span style="font-size: small;">were based on decades of polar explorers before him. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/3745.html">AAA3990, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: The men in their sledging gear. Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Historic Reference: Dan Simmons used extensive historical research to inspire the events of his </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">novel. Carnivals, balls, and masquerades were often used to liven the atmosphere of a ship </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">during the darkest days of winter. This painting from HMS <i>Terror’s</i> first arctic voyage </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">shows the bizarre and colourful costumes worn by the crew at such events. Annie </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-CA">Symons </span>used this image to inspire her costume design for the carnival in </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Episode 6. Image Credit: <a href="https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/fisher2%3AF7383_0051">“Arctic Amusements,” Owen Stanley, </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/fisher2%3AF7383_0051">Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto. </a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">The Terror: One of the brightly decorated costumes from Episode 6. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: small;">Photo Credit: Aidan Monaghan/AMC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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This blog post provides a glimpse of just some of the more obvious historical references and Easter eggs scattered throughout the ten episodes of the series. More historical references and Easter eggs can be found in every line of the script, <a href="http://visionsnorth.blogspot.ca/2018/04/the-last-resource.html">as some of the more knowledgeable reviewers have begun to parse out. </a><br />
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<span lang="EN-CA">When I began this project, I was, to my everlasting shame, secretly concerned that the historical references I was providing would be ignored or discarded in the interests of simplicity and cost-savings. When I walked onto the set in January of 2017 and saw <i>Terror</i> sitting there, canted in the ice, I instantly knew that my worries had been unwarranted. As I was led through the ship they had reconstructed, and as I picked up the artifacts they had recreated, I felt that I had walked aboard the real <i>Terror</i>. Later, as I toured a film crew through the sets, discussing her fittings and spaces for the camera, I <i>was</i> a proud officer showing off his ship. When I spent a day as an extra in Episode 4, I <i>was</i> an able seaman, trapped in the ice aboard the world’s greatest polar exploration vessel. These are experiences that shall never be effaced from my memory. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com122tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-71412895950551618962018-04-21T17:11:00.001-07:002018-04-24T06:27:53.178-07:00BUILD YOUR OWN HMS TERROR!<div class="MsoNormal">
Those of you who follow me on social media may have noticed some cryptic <a href="https://twitter.com/HMSTerror_model/status/984141354195390465">Tweets </a>and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BhcNSdElKUw/?taken-by=hmsterror">Instagram</a> posts hinting that I would announce something "exciting" very soon. It is my great pleasure to reveal that <a href="http://www.occre.com/?___store=en">OcCre</a>, makers of fine ship model kits, has created <a href="http://www.occre.com/hms-terror.html">the world’s first HMS Terror model kit</a>, and it is based on my research, plans, and designs. </div>
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It is a beautiful fully-rigged model, and includes all the fittings and features that made Terror the world’s greatest polar exploration vessel. You will find <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2015/10/captain-phillips-patent-capstan.html">Captain Phillip’s Patent Capstan</a>, her <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2017/02/a-companion-or-two-for-hms-terror.html">unique companionways</a>, <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2016/06/getting-pumped-for-terrors-birthday.html">Masseys patent pumps</a>, <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/04/hms-terrors-screw-propeller.html">the retractable propeller</a>, <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2016/12/a-window-on-hms-terror.html">her special stern lights,</a> and her <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2016/03/a-view-from-terrors-and-erebus.html">sturdy ship’s wheel</a>. Included are three ship's boats, the various flues for her locomotive engine, furnace, and stove, her iron bow plating, and all the rigging necessary to show her under a glorious full press of sail. The kit even includes the compass table where Crozier commanded the vessel! <o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLDmcefV9Yk/WtuZLLUTztI/AAAAAAAABbE/8u2cUTS77yUveT-7JMdKU_93vfxQ475ogCEwYBhgL/s1600/TERROR-006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLDmcefV9Yk/WtuZLLUTztI/AAAAAAAABbE/8u2cUTS77yUveT-7JMdKU_93vfxQ475ogCEwYBhgL/s640/TERROR-006.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Details of the model's quarterdeck/stern. Skylights, companionways, the wheel,<br />
and even the compass table are all accurately represented. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LoXsnMfEPrs/WtuZK8MDaLI/AAAAAAAABbE/XKF5jvac88kuq0f5SMS66sVzsttCX3s_ACEwYBhgL/s1600/TERROR-013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="1600" height="402" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LoXsnMfEPrs/WtuZK8MDaLI/AAAAAAAABbE/XKF5jvac88kuq0f5SMS66sVzsttCX3s_ACEwYBhgL/s640/TERROR-013.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PNVw15LCp0c/WtuZOWTdwkI/AAAAAAAABbY/AsoyvqCob0AXaA40ZfNfi58TQrgu0Y6rgCEwYBhgL/s1600/TERROR-019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PNVw15LCp0c/WtuZOWTdwkI/AAAAAAAABbY/AsoyvqCob0AXaA40ZfNfi58TQrgu0Y6rgCEwYBhgL/s640/TERROR-019.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The unique diagonal planking characteristic of Terror's upper deck, and the<br />
Preston patent illuminators are all represented in fine detail. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Some small alternations were made by OcCre to increase the ease of building the model, but, at 1:65 scale, it’s a remarkably detailed model, and highly accurate to her 1845 configuration. Full colour instructions will take the model builder through the process step-by-step; hobbyists of all skill levels will have no problem building this kit.</div>
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I have always hoped that I would one day assist a ship model company in making an accurate model of HMS Terror. That a company like OcCre has created such a model from my designs is a dream come true. Terror has long deserved the honour of having a fine model kit in her name; it’s a very elite club, especially for a Royal Navy exploration vessel. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jwAc5Ak2RwY/WtuZMcb1GlI/AAAAAAAABbI/lHs91OVXCukGuMEEniYyS4AdUwEcQO4mQCEwYBhgL/s1600/TERROR-015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jwAc5Ak2RwY/WtuZMcb1GlI/AAAAAAAABbI/lHs91OVXCukGuMEEniYyS4AdUwEcQO4mQCEwYBhgL/s640/TERROR-015.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You can build the kit using a natural wood finish,<br />
which closely mimics qualities of my 1:48 scale model.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4fHHXKCFqAY/WtucVY2GjxI/AAAAAAAABbg/M5Grxq8Wg7IBHlNbBlKTYvGjWnAtg5smgCLcBGAs/s1600/30074134_2084549518501075_1312090281_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="1600" height="292" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4fHHXKCFqAY/WtucVY2GjxI/AAAAAAAABbg/M5Grxq8Wg7IBHlNbBlKTYvGjWnAtg5smgCLcBGAs/s640/30074134_2084549518501075_1312090281_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My 1:48 scale model for comparison. Photo Credit: Stephen Darby. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KHJaJsmOpr8/WtuZM5ZntwI/AAAAAAAABbQ/ZELr2trZMB40TZ4l0WsHXeGJWckMnR-SQCEwYBhgL/s1600/TERROR-016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KHJaJsmOpr8/WtuZM5ZntwI/AAAAAAAABbQ/ZELr2trZMB40TZ4l0WsHXeGJWckMnR-SQCEwYBhgL/s640/TERROR-016.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">OcCre's model uses high-quality woods which mimic the wood choices made for my scratch-built model. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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To celebrate this milestone in Terror’s career, <u>I am giving away one of OcCre’s Terror kits</u>. The contest is simple. Find my <a href="https://twitter.com/HMSTerror_model">Twitter</a> or <a href="https://www.instagram.com/hmsterror/">Instagram</a> accounts and <u>1) Like, and, 2) Comment on the post about this kit</u>. It’s as simple as that. I will choose a winner randomly on April 27th, and will announce it on my social media accounts (i.e. <u>you’ll have to follow me to know if you won</u>). If you don’t contact me within 24 hours after I announce a winner, a new winner will be announced.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o_iQWcC74Vs/WtuZOTo9bbI/AAAAAAAABbU/Vh1Rm_KkLDISx93YNPXn3g7xx6ya8gopACEwYBhgL/s1600/kit-Terror-12004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o_iQWcC74Vs/WtuZOTo9bbI/AAAAAAAABbU/Vh1Rm_KkLDISx93YNPXn3g7xx6ya8gopACEwYBhgL/s640/kit-Terror-12004.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">YOU CAN WIN THIS KIT!!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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If you just can’t wait to build your very own model of HMS Terror, please visit <a href="http://www.occre.com/hms-terror.html">OcCre’s website</a>, where you can order it for only € 99.95. For such a detailed and accurate kit, which involved so much historical research, it’s a sincere bargain. Also, check out <a href="https://www.facebook.com/occremania/?ref=br_rs">OcCre's Facebook page</a> to see more about the development of the kit. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<u>UPDATE!</u>: The model is now available for sale in North America from <a href="http://www.agesofsail.com/ecommerce/hms-terror-occre-oc12004.html">Ages of Sail</a>!<br />
<br />
UPDATE 2! The model is now available directly from the UK, from <a href="https://www.alwayshobbies.com/model-boats/model-boat-display-kits/occre-hms-terror-1-65-scale-model-ship-kit">Always Hobbies</a> and it's even a little cheaper!<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/C8Vf_g--ZsM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C8Vf_g--ZsM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><br />
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-80191448140760142382018-01-03T13:59:00.000-08:002018-01-03T13:59:17.271-08:00THE GREAT PLANKING OF 2017 (Part 2)HMS <i>Terror </i>makes you work for the time you spend with her. Part
1 of this post detailed how the planking of my model became a race against the
opening date of the <a href="http://www.rmg.co.uk/see-do/franklin-death-in-the-ice">Death in the Ice Exhibition</a>, where it has been on display
for the past six months. “Below decks,” in my small basement workshop, where
I spent night after night fretting about the future of my little model, I admit
to acquiring a dim simpatico with the men who lived and worked on HMS <i>Terror</i>.
As I have described previously, the distinct and intricate nature of <i>Terror</i>’s hull planking was something I had intended to replicate from the very beginning of
my build. However, duplicating its complexities to scale, which required a
fully doubled-hull, with the second layer composed of unusually thick planks,
and on an extreme deadline, was folly that ultimately led to an eight-month modeling marathon.<br />
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In Part 1, I described how I replicated <i>Terror</i>’s
double-planked hull, where the vast majority of my effort was expended. In this
post, I will outline the planking of her upper deck,
the transom, and the ice channel that surrounded the ship. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The contract for <i>Terror</i>’s sister ship, <i>Beelzebub</i>, (1) describes
that her original upper deck (1813) was clad with fore-aft laid planks three
inches thick, while two and one-half inch planks covered her quarterdeck and
forecastle. In 1836, <i>Terror</i>’s forecastle
and quarterdeck were unified to create a new weather deck (upper deck), which
was re-clad in new planks and then doubled to increase strength. Rice, the Master Shipwright who was so
often associated with polar conversions of the era, described the unique
qualities of this new deck (2). <o:p></o:p></div>
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“The central planks of the weather deck are six inches thick,
laid fore and aft; the remainder of the deck is wrought double; the lower
planks, three inches thick, are laid fore and aft; the upper planks, three
inches thick, diagonally, having fearnaught dipped in hot tallow laid between
the two surfaces”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--YaA-YFq66U/WkzDs57ApjI/AAAAAAAABW8/NmuRUJ565Lkd4tSMuW9dmmvPB0DhTtHfQCLcBGAs/s1600/30%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--YaA-YFq66U/WkzDs57ApjI/AAAAAAAABW8/NmuRUJ565Lkd4tSMuW9dmmvPB0DhTtHfQCLcBGAs/s640/30%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The first step in planking the upper deck involved adding the waterway, a plank which acted as a transition <br />
plank between the horizontal deck planking and vertical bulwark planking. Luckily, on <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror </i><br />
this was simply a beveled affair. Note the interior view of the stern lights. You can see here how <br />
I sanded the interior surface of the panes to simulate frost (and hide the interior). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0EsMjJkFu_s/WkzDtQpOsVI/AAAAAAAABXA/7F1XBgO6KzcVQ7szC9aAWmmOp8LPX5h4gCLcBGAs/s1600/31%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0EsMjJkFu_s/WkzDtQpOsVI/AAAAAAAABXA/7F1XBgO6KzcVQ7szC9aAWmmOp8LPX5h4gCLcBGAs/s640/31%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clamping the waterway at the bow - I always over clamp and over glue. Note the bow filling blocks.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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As described by Rice, and as shown in the midship cross section
plan (3), the upper deck of HMS <i>Terror</i> was very unusual. Eleven massive central
strakes were laid fore and aft, providing significant rigidity. The central
seven strakes were made from “fir”, likely Canadian pine, and were six inches
thick and nine inches wide. These central stakes were flanked on each side by two
strakes of six-inch oak, each ten inches wide. Contiguous with the central
strakes were two layers of three-inch fir which covered the remaining deck
area. As described by Rice, above, the lowermost layer was laid fore and aft,
like traditional deck planking, but the uppermost layer was laid diagonally to
increase strength. The width of these planks is not shown in any of the
contemporary plans. Scribing marks on the 1839 HMS <i>Erebus </i>model indicate a
width between ca. six and eight inches. Recently a pine plank fragment was <a href="http://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/clues-link-wooden-plank-to-doomed-arctic-explorer/">discovered at the Canadian Museum of History</a> which may be a deck plank; this measured three inches by seven inches. As a result, I have
chosen seven-inch planks to represent the upper layer of deck planking.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oj4dEFaxEqg/WkzDty5va9I/AAAAAAAABXc/JucKjrjGLPgo5WZ_PTl3cIj3uNSCFfaxgCEwYBhgL/s1600/32%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oj4dEFaxEqg/WkzDty5va9I/AAAAAAAABXc/JucKjrjGLPgo5WZ_PTl3cIj3uNSCFfaxgCEwYBhgL/s640/32%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Upper deck planking began by laying the "king plank", or the midline strake. Note here that the upper deck wasn't <br />
double-planked. I had always intended to single-plank the upper deck, as holly is a quite expensive raw material. <br />
Here, the central strakes are just three scale inches thick, instead of six. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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After the careful spiling and slow progress on the hull, I
looked forward to <i>Terror</i>’s upper deck, which was covered exclusively in
straight, flat strakes. The central strakes, laid fore and aft, were a pleasure
to complete. I expected the diagonal planking to proceed similarly, but soon
realized that cutting the precise angles and lengths for each plank was not
only meticulous, but extremely time consuming. Each plank had to be cut to a
precise length, with angled butts that required very careful measurement.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RyqV0qB1_PE/WkzDucTiv4I/AAAAAAAABXc/Ul48MiCkxIcoXnBF-N_kGbA9NGRohAolQCEwYBhgL/s1600/33%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RyqV0qB1_PE/WkzDucTiv4I/AAAAAAAABXc/Ul48MiCkxIcoXnBF-N_kGbA9NGRohAolQCEwYBhgL/s640/33%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed central planking. The odd and unsightly shift of butts is explained below. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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As I was laying out my planking plan, and comparing it to
the contemporary sources, I gained some insight that could only be obtained
through building a model. I had often puzzled why only a few butts (plank ends)
are inscribed on the central strakes of the 1839 builder’s model of <i>Erebus</i>.
This struck me as odd, because the model was carefully inscribed to show the
details of the upper deck planking, and the butt ends of the central strakes
were crucial to a strong design. I originally believed it must have been an
oversight by the model maker, but in planking my model I came to understand
that the 1839 model is very accurate. To put it simply, there were so many
fittings on the upper deck of <i>Terror </i>and <i>Erebus</i> that the center-most strakes
are constantly interrupted. Consequently, butts could fall naturally on hatches
and companions, with no plank being greater than ca. 20 feet in length. Adding
a shift pattern would have been unnecessary, and in fact would have weakened
the vessels. </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H0eb5Y0K4TA/WkzDvSHcoII/AAAAAAAABXc/vnLNHiQxSBUuLd5p2Cz8HTrf0v6D-QFVgCEwYBhgL/s1600/35%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H0eb5Y0K4TA/WkzDvSHcoII/AAAAAAAABXc/vnLNHiQxSBUuLd5p2Cz8HTrf0v6D-QFVgCEwYBhgL/s640/35%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The diagonal planking began at the bow. Each plank had to be carefully measured and cut to fit precisely. I wasn't always<br />
as successful as I would have liked. To simulate caulking, each plank edge was rubbed with a standard pencil. Sanding<br />
removed the glue and pencil marks, leaving a crisp edge. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_Fi1H85k8SY/WkzDuzBuAeI/AAAAAAAABXc/GTsA5mIygtsy7zWhhz02LfOTcPHSn8bzQCEwYBhgL/s1600/34%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_Fi1H85k8SY/WkzDuzBuAeI/AAAAAAAABXc/GTsA5mIygtsy7zWhhz02LfOTcPHSn8bzQCEwYBhgL/s640/34%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A closeup of the bow planking prior to sanding. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WN6IqLITED0/WkzDv5DHgAI/AAAAAAAABXc/Axl71ij3xzAnoNtowrNVpMasK1Avq-4_gCEwYBhgL/s1600/36%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WN6IqLITED0/WkzDv5DHgAI/AAAAAAAABXc/Axl71ij3xzAnoNtowrNVpMasK1Avq-4_gCEwYBhgL/s640/36%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed upper deck planking with various cutouts underway. Some sanding is still required.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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My next task was to plank the continuous ice-channel, or “ice
bumper,” perhaps the most identifiable feature on HMS <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror</i>. Since
the time of Parry, polar discovery ships had chocked in and planked over their
channels. The solid channels were necessary to prevent the chain plates, which
anchored the mast shrouds, from being caught and destroyed on icebergs or by other
ice conditions. </div>
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In 1835, <i>Terror</i>’s ice channels were simply six large, unglamorous protuberances at the position of the chains. In 1839, Rice filled in the spaces
between the individual ice channels to form a sort of smooth tapering bumper
that surrounded the weather deck of the ship. As Rice described (Ross
1847:328):<o:p></o:p></div>
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“…The ship is fortified externally by solid chock channels,
the spaces between the channels being similarly fitted, tapering at the
extremities, so as to form an easy curvature in a fore and aft direction…”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OTMrFk-Ot6I/WkzDoAenU_I/AAAAAAAABXg/7lujbutE4o0eBd-OYc3YOutUsTpd9xlJgCEwYBhgL/s1600/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OTMrFk-Ot6I/WkzDoAenU_I/AAAAAAAABXg/7lujbutE4o0eBd-OYc3YOutUsTpd9xlJgCEwYBhgL/s640/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking the ice channels began at the bow, which required soaking, heat bending, and crimping to create the proper shape.<br />
After the first plank, I realized that sanding the upper strake down to the height of the chocks was easier, hence the <br />
wider strake behind the first. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z4q3GvYJlEw/WkzDoI0aRvI/AAAAAAAABXc/3BAdB4XX6JYD9_CputUyuP48uxgpJMqJQCEwYBhgL/s1600/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z4q3GvYJlEw/WkzDoI0aRvI/AAAAAAAABXc/3BAdB4XX6JYD9_CputUyuP48uxgpJMqJQCEwYBhgL/s640/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Terror </i>and <i>Erebus </i>had a white stripe painted along their ice channels. Here, I've simulated that colour shift with holly.<br />
Holly provides a beautiful contrast to the Swiss pear of the hull. Note that the second planking below the wales<br />
hasn't been installed in this photo. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vNjFBDlcQWs/WkzDoP0x-3I/AAAAAAAABXc/35aQcV_mic01QaG48Y2n3Nw5SA_CfhCrwCEwYBhgL/s1600/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vNjFBDlcQWs/WkzDoP0x-3I/AAAAAAAABXc/35aQcV_mic01QaG48Y2n3Nw5SA_CfhCrwCEwYBhgL/s640/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking continues. The arrows remind me which end is up while I'm installing the planks. The upper surface of the<br />
planks often had to be beveled to provide a close fit. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8H8oIVquhsc/WkzDoqfYlaI/AAAAAAAABXc/r9d8BbjbIn8tyUeqT1INBW9Qeig97FcawCEwYBhgL/s1600/13b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8H8oIVquhsc/WkzDoqfYlaI/AAAAAAAABXc/r9d8BbjbIn8tyUeqT1INBW9Qeig97FcawCEwYBhgL/s640/13b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed ice channel at the bow. This image shows just how much the channel overhung the hull in this position.<br />
<i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror </i>had a third layer of planking at the bow which filled in this gap. The iron plating was attached to<br />
the third layer of planking. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The planking over the chocks was massive; six inch planks
covered both the upper surface and sides, creating a “bumper” that extended
approximately two feet from the side of the ship. The bolts which held the
chain plates in place penetrated through the planking, chocks, and frames and
were anchored on the interior of the vessel. This created an unbelievably
strong arrangement, making the chain plates, and thus the shrouds they
anchored, very unlikely to be damaged. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yB1KaMmDSZ0/WkzDpfhn87I/AAAAAAAABXg/HVAxD_SBbXEtHDdHma4YKjhKniSlZwgAACEwYBhgL/s1600/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yB1KaMmDSZ0/WkzDpfhn87I/AAAAAAAABXg/HVAxD_SBbXEtHDdHma4YKjhKniSlZwgAACEwYBhgL/s640/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adding the upper horizontal plank on the ice channel required careful measurement of the curves. Here I used a contour<br />
duplication gauge to transfer the curve to card stock.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mE6ahJrkFek/WkzDpxXaaJI/AAAAAAAABXc/atW4joSmJfkEUf9NGU4zyEQwuCW690ovQCEwYBhgL/s1600/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mE6ahJrkFek/WkzDpxXaaJI/AAAAAAAABXc/atW4joSmJfkEUf9NGU4zyEQwuCW690ovQCEwYBhgL/s640/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Checking the accuracy of the measurement. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0KX5yiiBX_A/WkzDqZtA1cI/AAAAAAAABXc/okSW4IaMejMvXytFghfCZV05ul5odZ7VACEwYBhgL/s1600/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0KX5yiiBX_A/WkzDqZtA1cI/AAAAAAAABXc/okSW4IaMejMvXytFghfCZV05ul5odZ7VACEwYBhgL/s640/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clamping the horizontal strakes in place. The midships section plan (3) shows that these were made from one extra<br />
wide plank. More sanding is required here on the vertical surface to get the bow curvature just right. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aHYqK3Thjuk/WkzDo2F3ifI/AAAAAAAABXc/Izq2D3TFKKcIOkbLkaDP8dk3IDmagO4PwCEwYBhgL/s640/13c%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Macro photo of the transition from the ice channel to the hull planking.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aHYqK3Thjuk/WkzDo2F3ifI/AAAAAAAABXc/Izq2D3TFKKcIOkbLkaDP8dk3IDmagO4PwCEwYBhgL/s1600/13c%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rkgcl4GIQ1s/WkzDsQf7QmI/AAAAAAAABXc/zOv1ydur_VgkRMTJ93oBd1FXGVwx0hukQCEwYBhgL/s1600/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rkgcl4GIQ1s/WkzDsQf7QmI/AAAAAAAABXc/zOv1ydur_VgkRMTJ93oBd1FXGVwx0hukQCEwYBhgL/s640/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed ice channel. Note the "bumpy" lower edge hasn't been sanded yet, and will ultimately be hidden<br />
by the bow plating. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Compared to the stern, planking the chock channels was a
pleasure. The only tricky operation was the upper horizontal strake, which
required special measurement to cut to the proper shape. Similarly, the large
fashion piece, so prominent on Stanley’s contemporary images of <i>Terror</i>, was also
challenging to implement as it had to be steamed and bent to accommodate the
gentle curve from <i>Terror</i>’s topside planking to her wales. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eg7myZEbrT4/WkzDr2uwAgI/AAAAAAAABXg/y99mjmKdWdINQW3Yksh7PHw-5MwlyQNIwCEwYBhgL/s1600/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="576" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eg7myZEbrT4/WkzDr2uwAgI/AAAAAAAABXg/y99mjmKdWdINQW3Yksh7PHw-5MwlyQNIwCEwYBhgL/s640/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The fashion piece was a large vertical plank that protected the butts of the transom. It<br />
was a particular feature of <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror</i>, visible on many of Owen Stanley's<br />
period sketches and paintings. On <span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror </i>it was painted white, so I </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">used </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">holly </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">to replicate it. This shot was </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">taken prior to final sanding and finish. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KiMGZMp2WRM/WkzDrXkRzfI/AAAAAAAABXc/zVh4gDRz0OIQMOpyZ13bdXzsEH8uX5JDACEwYBhgL/s1600/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KiMGZMp2WRM/WkzDrXkRzfI/AAAAAAAABXc/zVh4gDRz0OIQMOpyZ13bdXzsEH8uX5JDACEwYBhgL/s640/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Terror</i>'s simplified transom. Without access to precise data on its arrangement, I kept it very simple. This picture was taken <br />
before the double hull planking was completed. Note the doubled windows, which were characteristic of Polar discovery <br />
ships since the time of Parry. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DGh3I_DbEt8/WkzDwU9gEDI/AAAAAAAABXg/msrGGo9TG5EcHy4Yf9lS14tc_6yytKZRgCEwYBhgL/s1600/37%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="1366" height="238" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DGh3I_DbEt8/WkzDwU9gEDI/AAAAAAAABXg/msrGGo9TG5EcHy4Yf9lS14tc_6yytKZRgCEwYBhgL/s640/37%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Terror</i>'s final planking configuration. Mini-Crozier for scale. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With the fashion piece installed, I completed the great planking of 2017. How
the master shipwrights sheathed HMS <i>Terror</i>'s complex curves with oak planks eight inches thick is
remarkable to me. Believing that I could replicate their skill, even at 1/48th
the size, was simply an absurd folly on my part. To meet the deadline of the
exhibition, it was necessary that I work every spare moment I possessed for
nearly eight months. An added injury was the necessity to cut corners on the
lower layer of planking that has left me somewhat dissatisfied with my model.
While I believe the result is very acceptable, the trial is something I’ve yet
to recover from (and in fact is one of the reasons my blog has been so quiet
over the last few months). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While my endurance was tested, the ”great planking” imparted
an appreciation for the complexities of <i>Terror</i>’s extreme construction, as
well as for the skill of the master shipwrights and carpenters who designed and built
her. Like all wooden sailing vessels, much of <i>Terror</i>’s strength came from her
planking. That she survives intact today, after being subjected to perhaps the
worst ice conditions ever suffered by a wooden sailing vessel, is a testament
to the shipwright’s art. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
My model will be part of the Death in the Ice exhibition until 2019. The exhibition's last day at the National Maritime Museum is January 7th, after which it moves to the <a href="http://www.historymuseum.ca/event/the-franklin-expedition/">Canadian Museum of History</a> and then <a href="https://www.mysticseaport.org/locations/death-in-the-ice/">Mystic Seaport: The Museum of America and the Sea</a>.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1) National Maritime Museum, ADT0010<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2) Ross, Sir James Clark, 1847. A Voyage of Discovery
and Research in the Southern and <br />
Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839-1843:
Volume I. John Murray, London. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3) National Maritime Museum, ZAZ5678<o:p></o:p></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-38594820892740380962017-11-19T05:04:00.000-08:002017-11-20T19:53:21.627-08:00THE GREAT PLANKING OF 2017 (Part 1)<div class="MsoNormal">
Much of a wooden ship’s strength comes from its planking,
which provides longitudinal stiffness while unifying the frame both outboard and inboard. It is no surprise, then, that special attention was paid to HMS
<i>Terror</i>’s planking; originally, to
protect her from the recoil of her massive mortars within, and later to protect
her from the immense force of polar ice without. These combined pressures
resulted in the construction of perhaps the toughest wooden sailing vessel the
world has ever seen. She was, in her way, the pinnacle of the wooden
shipwright’s art - embodied in a squat, slab-sided bomb, with the lines
and dull sailing qualities of a merchantman. How can you not love HMS <i>Terror</i>? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w2mYqRq5zGY/Wg4u2Zptx3I/AAAAAAAABVY/q1PmHYkW2T00egTzZuE-p76Z3b_EhKXsACEwYBhgL/s1600/Terror%2BOutboard%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="272" data-original-width="854" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w2mYqRq5zGY/Wg4u2Zptx3I/AAAAAAAABVY/q1PmHYkW2T00egTzZuE-p76Z3b_EhKXsACEwYBhgL/s1600/Terror%2BOutboard%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My reconstruction of <i>Terror's</i> 1845 planking plan. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
As a bomb vessel which needed to endure the punishing impact
of her mortars, a concern for increased strength was apparent in <i>Terror</i>’s original planking plan. The
dockyard contract for her sister ship, HMS <i>Beelzebub</i>
(1), reveals that she was originally clad in four-inch thick oak planks, exceptional
for a ship of her tonnage. English oak was used for planking her weatherworks (above
the waterline) while English or Dantzic (Polish) oak was used below the
waterline. <i>Terror</i>’s original wales were
five and one-half inches thick, wrought “hook and butt” fashion, which is an interlocking
design common only on warships (and bombs in particular) which greatly
increased the strength of her hull. I initially believed that the second layer
of planking would be wrought hook and butt fashion as well, but pictures
released by <a href="https://pcacdn.azureedge.net/-/media/culture/franklin/mission2015/album05/03-NU-SJF-2015-69.jpg?modified=20170712153854">Parks Canada of <i>Erebus</i></a>,
and detailed images of <i>Terror</i> painted
by Owen Stanley in 1836-1837, show that top and butt planking was employed on the second
layer. How many strakes were wrought in this fashion hasn’t been reported by
the archaeologists, but the very detailed paintings of <i>Terror</i> by Owen Stanley show two normal thick strakes below the
chocks and the strakes below that wrought top and butt. This is the
configuration I opted to replicate on my model.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The refit of HMS <i>Terror</i>
for polar duty in 1835 followed a reinforcement plan that had been
well-established from the time of William Edward Parry. Like HMS <i>Fury</i> and <i>Hecla</i>, <i>Terror</i>’s forecastle
and quarter deck were joined to form a continuous upper deck, thereby greatly
increasing the enclosed space below. Some minor improvements to this planking
system (described in Part 2) were applied to <i>Terror</i> (and then <i>Erebus</i>)
for James Clark Ross’ Antarctic expedition in 1839. These modifications were carefully
described by Rice, the master shipwright who outfitted both ships for the Antarctic
(2): <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
” the side is doubled with six-inch oak plank under the
channel, increasing to eight-inch at the wale, which is three feet broad; from
thence, through a space of five feet, the doubling diminishes to three inches
in thickness, of English elm, and the remainder of the bottom to the keel is
doubled with three-inch Canada elm….” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85469.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="859" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jrIapTOhZUo/Wg4vujI1b9I/AAAAAAAABVk/G7RYn__Bkbohodc2RvxDOO8a2_QAJM6RgCLcBGAs/s640/large.jpg" width="428" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85469.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Midship Section Plan for Erebus and Terror. </span></a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85469.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">National Maritime Museum, ZAZ5678</span></a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85469.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copyright: CC BY-NC-SA</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><br /></i>
<i>Beelzebub</i>’s
contract (1) indicates that <i>Terror</i>
was planked with a three-plank shift (meaning that on each frame, three planks
occurred between each plank butt, or plank end), which appears to have also been used
on the subsequent second layer of planking (at least on <i>Erebus</i>). We don’t know how many strakes were used on <i>Terror</i>’s hull, but the 1839 <i>Erebus</i> cross section plan (3) indicates
that 34 strakes (plus the garboard strake) were used on both the outer and inner
layers below the chock channels.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lang’s 1845 stern modification plan (4) provides crucial
details on the planking configuration used for the modified stern. In addition
to the general planking run, it reveals that the hull planks averaged between
9.5 and 10 inches in width, and that the garboard strake was unusually broad,
about twice the width of the bottom planks. Because of the extra-wide garboard
strake, and the smaller overall dimensions of <i>Terror</i>, I estimated that <i>Terror</i>
was planked with 30 strakes plus the wide garboard (assuming each strake was 9.5
to 10 inches in width). <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="986" data-original-width="1280" height="492" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iD2FBLS407Q/Wg4vyDodhgI/AAAAAAAABVw/DmNagsKjou4zLXWTmMfechsQBIn9OU1lACEwYBhgL/s640/large%2B%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1845 Stern Profile form Erebus and Terror. Note the planking detail.</span></a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">National Maritime Museum, ZAZ5683 </span></a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copyright: CC BY-NC-SA</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
I made two fundamental mistakes when planning to plank <i>Terror</i>’s hull in 2013. The first of
these was deciding to double-plank her hull, just like the real ship. I began planking my model in the fall of 2016. In
a previous blog post, I showed how I planked <i>Terror</i>’s topside weatherworks above the chocks. I followed a
similar methodology for the hull, but rather than edge-bending planks, I had to
carefully <a href="http://modelshipworldforum.com/resources/Framing_and_Planking/Planking%20primer.pdf">spile them</a> (a technique used by actual shipwrights to calculate, then
cut, the precise curve and run of a plank), as this was necessary to plank the
bluffer parts of <i>Terror</i>’s bow.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Yc3y-VaFlHk/Wg4uxwk8JLI/AAAAAAAABVg/VbGyIE0IjYYg0DPcuAsc6WPmEBVsyzMowCEwYBhgL/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Yc3y-VaFlHk/Wg4uxwk8JLI/AAAAAAAABVg/VbGyIE0IjYYg0DPcuAsc6WPmEBVsyzMowCEwYBhgL/s640/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The first strake added to the hull. For fellow ship modelers: the white line was my first inadequate</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> attempt to line off the bottom of the wales. I fixed the run shortly after this picture was taken.</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EBLvxqVRpfQ/Wg4uzF5iVYI/AAAAAAAABVg/-TYHPj2wORsUwAWboIEqJguvSFVK7t2MACEwYBhgL/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EBLvxqVRpfQ/Wg4uzF5iVYI/AAAAAAAABVg/-TYHPj2wORsUwAWboIEqJguvSFVK7t2MACEwYBhgL/s640/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The first strake at the bow. This image reveals how bluff Terror was just above the waterline.<br />
Again, this was taken before I adjusted the reference line on the hull. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Spiling greatly slowed my progress, and I was only able to
complete one or two strakes in an evening. With 120 strakes necessary for both
layers of hull planking, not including the ice chocks, stern, and upper deck, I
rapidly realized that I was facing a crisis. The deadline to deliver my model
for the <i><a href="https://www.encoretickets.co.uk/exhibitions/death-in-the-ice?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuNq0zdDK1wIVzbbACh2Hig-eEAAYASAAEgL4SfD_BwE">Death in the Ice</a></i> exhibition was
in June of 2017, and it quickly became apparent that I would not make that deadline
if I did not increase my output. Thus, I began the great planking of 2017.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It began with a compromise. To speed up the first layer of
planking, I decided to double the width of each of the lower hull strakes and
to not follow the stated plank shift pattern (which requires more cutting).
While this layer will never be visible, I regret not having completed it to
scale; in addition, not having a photograph of <i>Terror</i>’s original planking configuration remains a sincere source of
dissatisfaction for me. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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My second mistake was to plank the second layer of my model using
accurate scale plank thicknesses. Some of the planks on <i>Terror</i>’s wales are 8 inches thick, representing a daunting task at
1:48th scale. While the three and four-inch scale planks could easily be bent
with a crimping tool and some heat from a blow dryer, this technique simply
would not work on planks thicker than five scale inches. Every thick plank had
to be soaked in near-boiling water for 20 minutes, carefully crimped with a
plank bender, and then pressed into shape using a bending iron and a curved
jig. On top of that, each plank had to be carefully spiled before bending, and
the distortion caused by swelling wood and heat treatment caused no end of
difficulty. An added complication was that the thickest strakes, at the wales,
had to be laid top and butt fashion, which further complicated the spiling
process. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dgB_sOIEbiA/Wg4u01rKvmI/AAAAAAAABVg/3WHaZyPAevs4TZ9M2DX1XeXk1zSEsU8YQCEwYBhgL/s1600/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dgB_sOIEbiA/Wg4u01rKvmI/AAAAAAAABVg/3WHaZyPAevs4TZ9M2DX1XeXk1zSEsU8YQCEwYBhgL/s640/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The second layer of planking in progress. You can see here where I made the decision to<br />
widen each strake on the first layer (about January 2017).</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g9PqSdeQoR0/Wg4u1Hnas4I/AAAAAAAABVg/12rdJNV4lGM91crdNrOOjAumnrdo58GBACEwYBhgL/s1600/4b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g9PqSdeQoR0/Wg4u1Hnas4I/AAAAAAAABVg/12rdJNV4lGM91crdNrOOjAumnrdo58GBACEwYBhgL/s640/4b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
Detail showing the transition to 8" strakes at wales. The upper two 8" stakes were sanded </div>
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">to provide a smooth run to the 6" planks above them. </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kVEiS2c0qWU/Wg4u1eyBJ8I/AAAAAAAABVg/RtN2p_44On4BP7TYaf72FLLfxI2oAr-ZwCEwYBhgL/s1600/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kVEiS2c0qWU/Wg4u1eyBJ8I/AAAAAAAABVg/RtN2p_44On4BP7TYaf72FLLfxI2oAr-ZwCEwYBhgL/s640/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The third strake of 8" top and butt planking at the bow.<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Notice the</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> drop strake below it in the first layer of planking. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BwPMLeyceZ0/Wg4u1Wg0vEI/AAAAAAAABVg/WuW_NTiEyc8qabcy5K2omiGw_zsNg5GqACEwYBhgL/s1600/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BwPMLeyceZ0/Wg4u1Wg0vEI/AAAAAAAABVg/WuW_NTiEyc8qabcy5K2omiGw_zsNg5GqACEwYBhgL/s640/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top and butt planking in progress. The tape protects <br />
the wood at the stern and bow during planking.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fUue2xIBNZg/Wg4u1qVMneI/AAAAAAAABVg/UzqJDOqvVkEOphMwuOGvne_pNmAW5qeUwCEwYBhgL/s640/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the completed top and butt planking. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fUue2xIBNZg/Wg4u1qVMneI/AAAAAAAABVg/UzqJDOqvVkEOphMwuOGvne_pNmAW5qeUwCEwYBhgL/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fUue2xIBNZg/Wg4u1qVMneI/AAAAAAAABVg/UzqJDOqvVkEOphMwuOGvne_pNmAW5qeUwCEwYBhgL/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UsnDLLDDnWE/Wg4u19dlwtI/AAAAAAAABVg/c72KXR6V0AAvuXUhZj8L8o27kdRIOCVbACEwYBhgL/s1600/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UsnDLLDDnWE/Wg4u19dlwtI/AAAAAAAABVg/c72KXR6V0AAvuXUhZj8L8o27kdRIOCVbACEwYBhgL/s640/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adding the absurdly wide garboard strake on the second layer. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YohK3ldmVhs/Wg4u2N9HD6I/AAAAAAAABVg/VwV4bme3OMEMjw-wguGiKjkkxeOWw9K6QCEwYBhgL/s1600/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YohK3ldmVhs/Wg4u2N9HD6I/AAAAAAAABVg/VwV4bme3OMEMjw-wguGiKjkkxeOWw9K6QCEwYBhgL/s640/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Close up of the garboard strake at midships. According to contemporary plans,<br />
the garboard strake of the second layer was not rabbeted into the keel. <br />
Interestingly, it was on later polar vessels, like HMS Investigator. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F1MGNB5_rUs/Wg4ux4FnNKI/AAAAAAAABVg/3rwUJp1DQrcvaiInqsaNiaBkZtYsTAP7QCEwYBhgL/s1600/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F1MGNB5_rUs/Wg4ux4FnNKI/AAAAAAAABVg/3rwUJp1DQrcvaiInqsaNiaBkZtYsTAP7QCEwYBhgL/s640/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The final garboard planks at the stern, after bending them into shape. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9DWrtZmMhXc/Wg4ux6BBvHI/AAAAAAAABVg/TpmAZcXCwlcsrppHNlHRFvaKNRTPR5KlACEwYBhgL/s1600/10b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9DWrtZmMhXc/Wg4ux6BBvHI/AAAAAAAABVg/TpmAZcXCwlcsrppHNlHRFvaKNRTPR5KlACEwYBhgL/s640/10b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bottom planking in progress. This photo shows how I lined off the second layer of planking. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The most difficult part of the hull planking occurred with the
stern. The first layer of planking was relatively simple as it abutted the rabbet
on the original stern post (hence this layer was planked like every other ship).
However, Lang’s conversion of <i>Erebus</i>
and <i>Terror</i> to steam locomotion
required that the second layer of planking form the walls of the propeller well
(4). This meant that the second layer extended over the original stern post and
propeller well and was rabbeted into the new rudder post. I’ve known for some
time what shape this configuration would take, but implementing it required a
lot of trial and error, despite Lang’s detailed plans and a block model (5) for
guidance. The most difficult chore was bending and spilling the planks into the
proper shape, especially the strake forming the lower margin of the well. It also
required the use of two “stealers” to accommodate the increased area of the
stern. However, once installed, I’m convinced the model respects Lang’s design,
the 1845 block model, and the practical reality faced by the shipwrights who
had to plank this unusual ship.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pu5osV5Q318/Wg4uzs5pZUI/AAAAAAAABVg/XM8_-AGRVggh7a6niuJOWyF6ctbRv4cSQCEwYBhgL/s1600/23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pu5osV5Q318/Wg4uzs5pZUI/AAAAAAAABVg/XM8_-AGRVggh7a6niuJOWyF6ctbRv4cSQCEwYBhgL/s640/23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I use masking tape to make spiling templates. This shows the extreme shape of the<br />
first stern plank above the propeller opening at the stern. Lang didn't make the<br />
shipwright's task easy!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVJOR_dMn1w/Wg4uz393lVI/AAAAAAAABVg/gq7khuGWRzsRHZlqhFn0IQLwo3W4nM_4wCEwYBhgL/s1600/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVJOR_dMn1w/Wg4uz393lVI/AAAAAAAABVg/gq7khuGWRzsRHZlqhFn0IQLwo3W4nM_4wCEwYBhgL/s640/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The resulting pearwood plank. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Lp-7vl_kVLw/Wg4uz-l_TTI/AAAAAAAABVg/ws9rHmSMUUsPumP6srxEnxzsEFYdAqVVQCEwYBhgL/s1600/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Lp-7vl_kVLw/Wg4uz-l_TTI/AAAAAAAABVg/ws9rHmSMUUsPumP6srxEnxzsEFYdAqVVQCEwYBhgL/s640/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">To achieve the complex bend in the plank, I soaked it in hot <br />
water, then clamped it in place until it dried.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_Mjm5vRAz5w/Wg4u0BH0GZI/AAAAAAAABVg/I3K0sMMbWXkKatp3q1oqJL0ikhuT-BW6ACEwYBhgL/s1600/25b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_Mjm5vRAz5w/Wg4u0BH0GZI/AAAAAAAABVg/I3K0sMMbWXkKatp3q1oqJL0ikhuT-BW6ACEwYBhgL/s640/25b%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the stealer planks in the stern, after it had been bent to shape. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BhZ5REQvD0Y/Wg4u2VJd_WI/AAAAAAAABVg/vtiJJ2J2IBkBQkyGWiDrzh1AJNS3Vv8wwCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4467%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="576" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BhZ5REQvD0Y/Wg4u2VJd_WI/AAAAAAAABVg/vtiJJ2J2IBkBQkyGWiDrzh1AJNS3Vv8wwCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_4467%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Terror's unusual stern, prior to sanding and finish. <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html">Oliver Lang designed </a>only one stealer<br />
in this area , but I found it impossible to plank without a second. I'll discuss the <br />
planking of the transom and chock channel in Part 2.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eVSTJrWIIlw/Wg4u0vG6AyI/AAAAAAAABVg/RU3zs5ZWELALWQVnXGQ6SANBI217vNtrwCEwYBhgL/s1600/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eVSTJrWIIlw/Wg4u0vG6AyI/AAAAAAAABVg/RU3zs5ZWELALWQVnXGQ6SANBI217vNtrwCEwYBhgL/s640/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The completed second layer at the bow. Note the drop planks below the wales. <br />On the finished model this is completely covered by a third layer of wood <br />and "iron" plating. I didn't need to spend such care at the bow, but a <br />modeler can only accept so much compromise. I'll discuss the<br />planking of the chock channel "ice bumper" in Part 2.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pTQ29YCpTlk/Wg4u0lqtL4I/AAAAAAAABVg/-shgCHX3rxI1YGFVF0MqHcWDDyH27s-qACEwYBhgL/s1600/29%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pTQ29YCpTlk/Wg4u0lqtL4I/AAAAAAAABVg/-shgCHX3rxI1YGFVF0MqHcWDDyH27s-qACEwYBhgL/s640/29%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed planking prior to sanding, bow plating, and finish. I'll discuss the<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">planking of the chock channel "ice bumper" in Part 2</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Part 2 of my post details the planking of <i>Terror</i>’s chock channels (or “ice
bumper”), her transom, and her upper deck. Stay tuned!<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------<br />
Footnotes:</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">(1) National Maritime Museum, ADT0010</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">(2)Ross</span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">,
Sir James Clark, 1847. </span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;">A Voyage of Discovery
and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839-1843:
Volume I</i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">. John Murray, London. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">(3)National Maritime Museum, ZAZ5678</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">(4)National Maritime Museum, ZAZ5683</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">(5)National Maritime Museum, SLR2253</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-19906757962920649922017-08-08T16:23:00.001-07:002017-08-08T16:23:15.837-07:00EREBUS AND TERROR TOGETHER AGAIN<div class="MsoNormal">
In my last post, I revealed that my <i>Terror</i> model would be displayed in the “Death in the Ice”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
exhibition, now showing at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. On July
13<sup>th</sup>, I was fortunate to see the exhibition at a private event for
experts, dignitaries, and those who had contributed knowledge or items to the
exhibition. I was very impressed by the show, which provides a detailed review
of the history of the expedition and tracks the fascinating trail of clues recovered
by myriad Franklin searchers, culminating in the identification of HMS <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> by Parks Canada. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RJ2GzsOEqBE/WYo3f2AIU5I/AAAAAAAABSY/5KzMbtz01r80YR5Y-_tPR17U2mDWwprZACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_20170716_092119%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RJ2GzsOEqBE/WYo3f2AIU5I/AAAAAAAABSY/5KzMbtz01r80YR5Y-_tPR17U2mDWwprZACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_20170716_092119%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Accompanying the exhibition is a beautiful display of 129 flags, one for each crew member of the Franklin Expedition. <br />The flags for Franklin and Crozier can be seen in the front row.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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My model is placed relatively early in the show, in a
section detailing the construction and outfitting of the expedition’s ships.
Remarkably, it is surrounded by some of the greatest art and technical plans
associated with <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K0c18Z1KL-M/WYo3f3aLLzI/AAAAAAAABSk/uk6RkcEnjJUhmvNasry6FgcX30dljQOWwCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_20170713_165338%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="576" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K0c18Z1KL-M/WYo3f3aLLzI/AAAAAAAABSk/uk6RkcEnjJUhmvNasry6FgcX30dljQOWwCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_20170713_165338%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The case containing my model. On the left is the original 1839 Admiralty builder's <br />model of HMS <i>Erebus; </i>my <i>Terror </i>is on the right. A large scale reproduction of the<br />1839 cross section plan for <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i> is placed at the back of the case. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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In my previous post, I outlined that my model is not yet
complete because I intentionally paused construction for the show. Currently, my
<i>Terror</i> is a slightly more detailed
version of a “builder’s model,” and is missing many fittings. The reason for
this can now be revealed; my <i>Terror</i>
is displayed in the same case as the original 1839 Admiralty builder’s model of
<i>Erebus</i>. The exhibition team wished to
show the differences in size between the two ships and, in particular, the new
fittings installed for the 1845 polar expedition when compared to the 1839
configuration. For this reason, they requested that <i>Terror </i>approach the same level of detail as the 1839 builder’s
model.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_cnrplfouQ0/WYo3fwzSXOI/AAAAAAAABSk/g3CvRiqq7O4H7jCd66e7HNg5JQ7763PGgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_7418%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_cnrplfouQ0/WYo3fwzSXOI/AAAAAAAABSk/g3CvRiqq7O4H7jCd66e7HNg5JQ7763PGgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_7418%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from their bows . </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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I admit a degree of anxiety came with this great
opportunity. My version of <i>Terror</i> is
modeled at the standard 1:48 Admiralty scale, the same as the builder’s model
of <i>Erebus</i>. However, my plans are
custom hybrids created by concatenating details from multiple plans spanning a
33-year period, with additional alterations based on contemporary historical sources.
I had measured, scaled, remeasured, and measured again to ensure the scale and
dimensions were correct, but I still worried that something was amiss. I had nightmares that museum staff would open
the packing crate only to find that my <i>Terror</i>
was larger than <i>Erebus</i>, or had the
wrong bow shape, or some other fatal flaw.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I’m happy to say that my <i>Terror</i>
appears to have just the right proportions, with all the necessary similarities
and differences to <i>Erebus</i>. It is
slightly smaller than <i>Erebus</i> in
length, height, and breadth, but with nearly identical curves and lines, and
with the characteristic difference in bow shape. In short, all appears as it
should be.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5IaeW8Y28uE/WYo3gBLubQI/AAAAAAAABSk/PwIfGyjttuMyj6Y30C5l9ZSRmYAOaWn3ACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_7421%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5IaeW8Y28uE/WYo3gBLubQI/AAAAAAAABSk/PwIfGyjttuMyj6Y30C5l9ZSRmYAOaWn3ACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_7421%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the stern. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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It is sincerely humbling to have my <i>Terror</i> displayed next to the 178-year-old model of <i>Erebus</i>. The list of famous Royal Navy
explorers and shipwrights who studied and touched this object is astonishing; a
very truncated list includes Sir James Clark Ross, Francis Crozier, Sir
John Franklin, Sir John Ross, Sir Edward Belcher, Sir William Parry, Oliver
Lang, John Rice, and Sir John Barrow. Sir Ernest Shackleton and Robert Falcon
Scott are also thought to have consulted the plans and models of <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> before outfitting their ships for the Antarctic. I’m frankly
overwhelmed that my model is now breathing the same air as this incredible
object of history. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com32tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-38154540795854514872017-06-13T17:07:00.000-07:002017-06-13T17:20:02.634-07:00HMS TERROR TO CROSS THE ATLANTIC ONCE AGAIN<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My blog has
been silent for nearly five months, but I have an excellent excuse. Since December, I’ve been working night and
day on HMS <i>Terror</i>. Why the rush?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This week, my model is carefully being packaged for transport to Greenwich. In one month, it will be displayed </span><a href="http://www.rmg.co.uk/see-do/franklin-death-in-the-ice"><span lang="EN-US">in a new exhibition on the Franklin tragedy</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> at the National Maritime Museum.</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C2FCO-yqpCs/WUB7h6uLdZI/AAAAAAAABRc/wqFVGfdJSHUsAxFDtLSPKn-yovwxe1YfACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_6696%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C2FCO-yqpCs/WUB7h6uLdZI/AAAAAAAABRc/wqFVGfdJSHUsAxFDtLSPKn-yovwxe1YfACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_6696%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier stands at his taffrail. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Created by
the Canadian Museum of History, Parks Canada, and the National Maritime Museum,
the exhibition will open in Greenwich on July 14<sup>th</sup>. In January, the model will travel back across
the Atlantic with the exhibition, where it will be displayed at Canada’s national
museum beginning on March 1<sup>st</sup>, 2018. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cYjpvaqzF-k/WUB7h64a0YI/AAAAAAAABRg/CPy0p1xL4d4TG4T_3lZrD_HNLMb9q-mYgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6703%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cYjpvaqzF-k/WUB7h64a0YI/AAAAAAAABRg/CPy0p1xL4d4TG4T_3lZrD_HNLMb9q-mYgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6703%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the bow. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZVyWsexBwDE/WUB7h_j7M-I/AAAAAAAABRY/Q-ykymd1r94UgxZdJ2u3l8e-P1u_EXY-gCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6710%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZVyWsexBwDE/WUB7h_j7M-I/AAAAAAAABRY/Q-ykymd1r94UgxZdJ2u3l8e-P1u_EXY-gCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6710%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Port side planking. It took nearly six months of work to double <br />
(and in some cases tipple) plank this hull with scale timber. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">What does
this mean for my project?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol>
<li>First and
foremost, it is a sincere honour to have been asked to display my model
alongside iconic artifacts related to the Franklin Expedition. I jumped at the
chance to loan it when it was presented to me, despite the short time frame
involved.</li>
<li>Due to time
constraints, progress on my model has now far outpaced my blog. I’ll be playing
catch up for the next several months; keep visiting to see all new historical research
and build photos.</li>
<li>My model is
not finished. Currently, it most closely resembles a shipwright’s “builder’s
model” which typically only show the design and major fittings of a ship. The
reason for this will become clear when you see the model in its position in the
exhibition. I admit that I couldn’t help but add a few extra details, but it’s essentially
just a builder’s model right now. When
the model is returned to me, I’ll complete all the finer details; I estimate
it’s about ¾ complete.</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LcljNxYhK_M/WUB7iP6FUDI/AAAAAAAABRo/X10CIZ--SSAoj8RKREyb4p_8b2h-tZICACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6760%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LcljNxYhK_M/WUB7iP6FUDI/AAAAAAAABRo/X10CIZ--SSAoj8RKREyb4p_8b2h-tZICACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6760%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Missing details can be seen in this view; the tiller, deck houses <br />
and conning (ice) plank are all absent.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GXujDpFhhUc/WUB7iII2UHI/AAAAAAAABRk/qeMUt6UMuRo-VNVlDeI9sC_BfgLbyXgzwCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6742%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GXujDpFhhUc/WUB7iII2UHI/AAAAAAAABRk/qeMUt6UMuRo-VNVlDeI9sC_BfgLbyXgzwCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6742%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A cathead with its iron knee. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NXLJXp2eQbE/WUB7iXW7MfI/AAAAAAAABRs/bG3hwRUhY9M-fhVDCaGCF3y4eJOReRuIgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6765%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NXLJXp2eQbE/WUB7iXW7MfI/AAAAAAAABRs/bG3hwRUhY9M-fhVDCaGCF3y4eJOReRuIgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6765%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier keeps watch on the voyage. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I won’t
show all the details of the model in this blog post; I intend to catch up over
time while it is away from my workbench. To see the entire thing, you will have
to wait for my blog to catch up to the model, or go see the exhibition! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">When I
began this hobby project four years ago, I couldn’t have imagined the interest
it would generate, or the great connections and friends I would make. I’m very
happy that my model will help to tell the fascinating story of the Franklin
Expedition in this new exhibition. In fact, what they have planned for my HMS
<i>Terror</i> is beyond any of my expectations. You’ll have to see the show to find
out, but I promise it will have great company.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TeoP2CzG8io/WUB7ieHtKmI/AAAAAAAABRw/XYYLbvUmvqQ55WQYx-UenOGEti-Gse26ACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_6801%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TeoP2CzG8io/WUB7ieHtKmI/AAAAAAAABRw/XYYLbvUmvqQ55WQYx-UenOGEti-Gse26ACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_6801%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bow plating is made from 100 chemically blackend brass plates. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com77tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-77706590904595275802017-02-12T13:00:00.001-08:002017-02-12T13:10:01.769-08:00A COMPANION (OR TWO?) FOR HMS TERROR<div class="MsoNormal">
The 1835/1836 modifications to HMS <i>Terror</i> introduced a new fitting to Royal Navy polar exploration vessels–
the hatched companionway. Covered companionways began to replace open ladderways
on smaller Royal Navy ships in the late 18<sup>th</sup> century. However, the
special type of hatched companionway associated with <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terro</i>r is rare
on Royal Navy plans and models until the middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> century.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The aft companionway of HMS <i>Terror</i> was a simple box-shaped structure, with a large sliding
hatch on its roof. To access the ladderway, the crew would slide the hatch back,
and then pull open two small starboard-facing doors. They would then descend the ladderway
backwards, pausing midway to close the doors, and then the hatch, behind them. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1pY07kxtVHg/WKDFdXbCzGI/AAAAAAAABQc/erq3xLWEz28JVSDxXiz3imkW3jKiME4dQCEw/s1600/Companionways%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1pY07kxtVHg/WKDFdXbCzGI/AAAAAAAABQc/erq3xLWEz28JVSDxXiz3imkW3jKiME4dQCEw/s400/Companionways%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="357" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Companionways on HMS Terror</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The 1836/1837 <i>Terror</i> profile plan (1) indicates that this
companionway could be removed and replaced with a tall winter deckhouse with a
standard-sized door (it was apparently shaped like <i>Terror’s</i> water closet). However, pencil marks on these draughts indicate
that this special winter coaming was abandoned sometime after Back’s 1836/1837 Arctic
voyage. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85463.html"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kDF_GciLtzw/WKDFBFS6DdI/AAAAAAAABPo/t3VH51S0Wywyo4ocfg4gpVzXyHugsib8QCLcB/s640/Terror%2BProfile.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85463.html">Profile Plan, HMS Terror, 1836/1837 (ZAZ5672)</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
Prior to 1839, there was no raised
companionway in the forward part of <i>Terror</i>.
Instead, an unusual hinged trapdoor system was used to access the forward
ladderway. Curiously, this ladderway was located on the starboard side of the
vessel, and not on the midline as was typical. This feature was changed in
1839, and a raised companionway identical in design, but somewhat larger, to <i>Terror’s</i> aft companionway was installed (2).
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85464.html"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vttgn41OV0o/WKDF_BFLacI/AAAAAAAABQk/yyZktcaH7X4T1iZ45Iwfu4DuCSu_-QHBgCLcB/s640/Erebus%2BProfile.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85464.html">Profile Plan, HMS Terror and Erebus, 1839 (ZAZ5673<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">)</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /></div>
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Unlike its aft counterpart, its doors faced port, and it was
located just behind the funnel for the ship’s stove. The ladderway below it descended just aft of
the ship’s stove. This must have been somewhat inconvenient, as using it would
have introduced terrible drafts to the lower deck mess and sleeping area during
the winter months. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Besides the clear labeling on the 1839 <i>Terror </i>and <i>Erebus</i> profile
plans (2), evidence for this change in the forward companionway’s position can
be found on the 1836 profile plan of <i>Terror
</i>(1)<i> </i>which shows that the 1836 trapdoor
system was scratched out in pencil. The forward ladderway is scratched out on
this plan as well, and a new position, consistent with the 1839 profile plan,
has been penciled in. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The companionways on the 1839 builder’s model of HMS <i>Erebus (</i>3) are consistent with the 1839 plans (2). However, the model reveals an
additional detail, namely that the companionways had two horizontal tracks which
facilitated the sliding of the upper hatch. These rails would have been
sheathed in a thin layer of brass or bronze on their upper surfaces, and the
hatch itself would have had two grooves cut into its bottom surface (and
through its forward edge), permitting it to slide on the tracks. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On both the 1836/1837 and 1839 plans, and crucially, the model,
the roof of the companionways and the hatches themselves are flat. This contrasts
with most companionways of the era, which had a slight camber (often matching
the camber of the upper deck). The reason for this unusual trait is unknown,
but plans for HMS<i> Investigator</i> show
the same flat-topped companionways, suggesting it may have been specific to
polar exploration. Whatever the advantage of this specific trait, the overall
design must have been very durable; indeed its efficacy is easily reflected in
the fact that the basic design is still used on modern sailing craft. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
References:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(1) National Maritime Museum ZAZ5672<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(2) National Maritime Museum ZAZ5673<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(3) National Maritime Museum SLR0715<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--Ta-z8paF7o/WKDFcQI2BVI/AAAAAAAABP0/-c_Y2s7WE9kWXpXyBmH6Os--aS-_xd1KwCEw/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--Ta-z8paF7o/WKDFcQI2BVI/AAAAAAAABP0/-c_Y2s7WE9kWXpXyBmH6Os--aS-_xd1KwCEw/s400/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
The basic components of the companionway were cut from pear </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
wood stock <span style="font-size: 12.8px;">using my local Library’s laser cutter. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pC3AezbrZwY/WKDFcuwUx6I/AAAAAAAABP8/3-MmKwwzU8sZmKzc5KO1s8TDZAeKN6wygCEw/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pC3AezbrZwY/WKDFcuwUx6I/AAAAAAAABP8/3-MmKwwzU8sZmKzc5KO1s8TDZAeKN6wygCEw/s320/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Tracks were added to the roof of the companionway. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t0Mf6zOc7uw/WKDFck7tRHI/AAAAAAAABQA/Qs-GxtFQjTc5bkSGFqIm9IYzD7CBC706gCEw/s1600/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t0Mf6zOc7uw/WKDFck7tRHI/AAAAAAAABQA/Qs-GxtFQjTc5bkSGFqIm9IYzD7CBC706gCEw/s320/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Terror’s</i>
companionways were very simple box-like structures.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--QIbyj-zzTY/WKDFcsdfYnI/AAAAAAAABQo/-x95wzOKmiUdTJolKJhUy9kccqCqC6F6ACEw/s1600/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--QIbyj-zzTY/WKDFcsdfYnI/AAAAAAAABQo/-x95wzOKmiUdTJolKJhUy9kccqCqC6F6ACEw/s320/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
I had trouble simulating the bronze tracks with brass
sheeting, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
so I opted to use a brass foil product here. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5EAQlm-JP-c/WKDFc4MpAQI/AAAAAAAABQo/AipJ_6QVGls-g-2TRPoY-KcDOLhc46vjgCEw/s1600/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5EAQlm-JP-c/WKDFc4MpAQI/AAAAAAAABQo/AipJ_6QVGls-g-2TRPoY-KcDOLhc46vjgCEw/s320/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Preparing to cut the grooves in the aft hatch. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-U6tFBV4cN5o/WKDFc8nMCiI/AAAAAAAABQo/LA_CJDUVP5w3e2Cc1aevjn58JCIIRFkNwCEw/s1600/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-U6tFBV4cN5o/WKDFc8nMCiI/AAAAAAAABQo/LA_CJDUVP5w3e2Cc1aevjn58JCIIRFkNwCEw/s320/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
The companionways with hatches and tracks </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
completed. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--VXAun70oWY/WKDFcxkCQeI/AAAAAAAABQQ/4z3rMtwuNu4jdUGNuCl68uLhpB6lh11YACEw/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--VXAun70oWY/WKDFcxkCQeI/AAAAAAAABQQ/4z3rMtwuNu4jdUGNuCl68uLhpB6lh11YACEw/s320/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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The completed forward companionway. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ivOdEzE43RU/WKDFc4C53II/AAAAAAAABQo/JbIwifeLAJwSKN0o6WA-7Ggrzuv5f-o1gCEw/s1600/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ivOdEzE43RU/WKDFc4C53II/AAAAAAAABQo/JbIwifeLAJwSKN0o6WA-7Ggrzuv5f-o1gCEw/s320/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
The completed aft companionway. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fhmnPLoDgRA/WKDFdEzCerI/AAAAAAAABQY/pWm4qMQYtn4TgxS-NCnY4omV8dEwk8d8ACEw/s1600/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fhmnPLoDgRA/WKDFdEzCerI/AAAAAAAABQY/pWm4qMQYtn4TgxS-NCnY4omV8dEwk8d8ACEw/s320/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Mini-Crozier inspects the workmanship. <o:p></o:p><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">A coat of Minwax </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Wipe-On Poly provides a protective finish
that enhances </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">the wood. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I0gdf-67bW8/WKDFce_eOhI/AAAAAAAABPs/Vr0oL3kjNSEPh398NnLG5Iq8Jqf2qyZSQCEw/s1600/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I0gdf-67bW8/WKDFce_eOhI/AAAAAAAABPs/Vr0oL3kjNSEPh398NnLG5Iq8Jqf2qyZSQCEw/s320/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
These structures were neither large nor comfortable. <span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Robustness </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">seems to have been the primary design feature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7eyI0aJ4bP4/WKDFcV2-pyI/AAAAAAAABPw/I-FSlP7brxICdrnc_fh43AOshTVdvouEgCEw/s1600/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7eyI0aJ4bP4/WKDFcV2-pyI/AAAAAAAABPw/I-FSlP7brxICdrnc_fh43AOshTVdvouEgCEw/s320/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
The 1839 <i>Erebus</i>
model indicates that the doors had small knobs, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
which I recreated using brass
pins filed to the correct size. I </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
elected to show the doors with hidden door hinges (the doors </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
swung outwards), which
is common on modern </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
companionways of the same design. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-59187302042228005012016-12-04T15:05:00.000-08:002016-12-04T15:21:22.034-08:00A WINDOW ON HMS TERROR<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">There are few secret places left to be explored in the world; but there
is one waiting under the waters of Terror Bay. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The announcement that HMS <i>Terror</i> was recently found "in pristine condition" is
astonishing, yet the revelation that the ship's stern lights (stern cabin
windows) have survived intact is especially poignant. Behind those 171-year-old stern lights is the very definition
of a secret space; the cabin where Captain Crozier received reports and
dispatched orders; where he entertained Franklin, Fitzjames and his officers in
the better days; and where he huddled over his charts, plotting and planning
his men’s desperate escape from the ice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">By 1845, <i>Terror’s</i> stern
windows were very different from those Captain John Sheridan gazed through as
he bombarded Baltimore in 1814. In 1812, Henry Peake designed a relatively
traditional stern gallery for HMS <i>Terror</i>,
which included seven stern lights in addition to six windows arranged on her port
and starboard quarter galleries. Each of the stern windows had nine panes,
while the smaller quarter gallery windows had six panes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85453.html"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yrD-69bpV1Y/WESHDdYrKbI/AAAAAAAABPA/WN8aunFuoiQzxOizwTyct4Roos3yXZZLgCEw/s640/a.jpg" width="600" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85453.html"><span style="font-size: small;">Henry Peake's original 1812 design for <i>Terror's</i> stern gallery and quarter galleries. <br />NMM, ZAZ5662</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">When </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Terror </i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">was first converted
for polar service over 1835 and 1836, its vulnerable quarter galleries (and the
water closets they contained) were removed, resulting in a reduction to five
stern windows. Contemporary artwork by Owen Stanley indicates that the windows
retained their original nine-pane configuration during Back's harrowing Arctic expedition
of 1836-1837.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/124410.html"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KYaGwBBqLEQ/WDQmt4hiMWI/AAAAAAAABNg/WYXQx985waQUlupNHr8MBOSEh022bW6kQCLcB/s640/large%2B7.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/124410.html"><span style="font-size: small;">Terror's stern lights in 1837. Note the cipher and ship's name depicted above the hanging rudder.</span></a><br />
<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/124410.html"><span style="font-size: small;"> NMM, PAF0275</span></a><br />
<div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since the time of Parry’s second Arctic voyage, 24 years previously,
polar exploration vessels had been fitted with "double window-frames"
(1), and <i>Terror</i> undoubtedly had
double windows installed for Back’s 1836 -1837 Arctic voyage. Parry described
that during the coldest months, "cork shutters" were inserted between
the sashes on HMS <i>Hecla</i> (1), and it
is possible that cork shutters were used on <i>Terror’s</i> subsequent polar voyages. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Contemporary images suggest that </span></span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Terror's</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
stern gallery remained unchanged during the Antarctic expedition of 1839-1843,
when </span></span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Terror</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> was under the command of
Francis R.M. Crozier, although the 1839 </span></span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Terror
</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">and </span></span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Erebus</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> plans indicate that </span>significant<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> changes were made to the great cabin itself. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">In the spring of 1845, <i>Terror</i>
and <i>Erebus</i> had their sterns
dismantled and reconstructed to accommodate large wells needed to raise and
lower their new screw propellers. The centre window on the stern of each vessel
was removed to make room for the new well. Green-ink annotations on <i>Terror’s</i> 1836 plans show that her stern
frames were shifted slightly forward during the 1845 refit. The reasons for
such an extensive refit are unclear, but it may have been necessary to redesign
the stern framing to accommodate the weight and stress of the new
propeller system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">While it appears that the remaining four stern windows were kept (roughly) in their original positions in 1845, the windows themselves were
redesigned from a nine-pane to a four-pane configuration. We know this because
of a remarkable woodcut of the great cabin of HMS <i>Erebus</i>, which appeared in the <a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=etBPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328&dq=illustrated+london+news+erebus+terror+screw+propeller&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9nf6vsrfQAhWhzIMKHcHXCMgQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=illustrated%20london%20news%20erebus%20terror%20screw%20propeller&f=false">May
24<sup>th</sup>, 1845 issue of the Illustrated London News</a> (2). The accompanying
article described that the windows were “double[d]”, similar to those used on
Parry’s voyages. Astonishingly, high resolution images of the cabin
illustration in the report clearly show the double sashes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=etBPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328&dq=illustrated+london+news+erebus+terror+screw+propeller&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9nf6vsrfQAhWhzIMKHcHXCMgQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false"><img height="400" src="https://books.google.ca/books/content?id=etBPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1oH422sITupMge4C2LRjX_aEuhcQ&ci=74%2C1075%2C297%2C321&edge=0" width="367" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=etBPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328&dq=illustrated+london+news+erebus+terror+screw+propeller&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9nf6vsrfQAhWhzIMKHcHXCMgQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-size: small;">The Great Cabin of HMS Erebus, as depicted in a woodcut <br />from the May 24th, 1845 edition of the Illustrated <br />London News</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Why the stern lights were modified to a four-pane design is unknown, but
the woodcut indicates that by 1845 the window muntins were much more robust
than those on a typical stern window. A sturdier design might have been thought necessary, after the unprecedented heavy seas and storms <i>Terror </i>and <i>Erebus</i> encountered
during their Antarctic expedition. However,
we know that the thickness of the glass was not increased, because window glass
<a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/culture/franklin/recherche-search/mission2015/gal-art/gal-art08.aspx#panel1-1">recovered
from HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> in 2015 has the same thickness as that specified on <i>Terror’s</i> (i.e., <i>Belzebub’s</i>) original 1812 building contract (3). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Below, I’ll outline how I have recreated <i>Terror’s</i> windows for my model. Though few pictures have been
released, they appear to compare well with the recent </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/~/media/culture/franklin/gallery-confirmation/07_90M-2016-0477.ashx">Parks
Canada images of <i>Terror’s</i> stern</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">. The great cabin on
the other side of those windows was the nerve-center of the living ship, where all
the achievements, misfortunes, and decisions of the expedition were debated,
decided, and recorded. In the coming years, it is a place where all the
expedition’s mysteries may be revealed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(1) Parry, William Edward. 1824. <i>Journal of a Second Voyage
for the Discovery of a North-west Passage from the Atlantic to the
Pacific: Performed in the Years 1821- 22-23, in His Majesty's Ships Fury
and Hecla, Under the Orders of Captain William Edward Parry, R.N., F.R.S., and
Commander of the Expedition</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>.</i> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">London.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">(2) <i>Departure of the “Erebus” and “Terror” on the
Arctic Expedition</i>. Illustrated London News, May 24</span><sup style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">, 1845. Volume
6, Page 328.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(3) National Maritime Museum, ADT0010<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N7GYrE93HuA/WESG_3tKJUI/AAAAAAAABPE/aIaxMFy--xswSUaEJFBXmJsUZMgLoLiWwCEw/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N7GYrE93HuA/WESG_3tKJUI/AAAAAAAABPE/aIaxMFy--xswSUaEJFBXmJsUZMgLoLiWwCEw/s640/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Construction of the stern windows began with laser cutting the <br />sashes from a sheet of Swiss pear. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NMw8XFcVfHQ/WESHARZSuvI/AAAAAAAABPE/J4VCSN8v4rQjJMfSAG6vKcjN3g751hatwCEw/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NMw8XFcVfHQ/WESHARZSuvI/AAAAAAAABPE/J4VCSN8v4rQjJMfSAG6vKcjN3g751hatwCEw/s640/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A bevel was added to each muntin with a hand file. The filed <br />windows are on the left, the unfinished windows are on the right. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-35eebQ-_31k/WESHAmRpqYI/AAAAAAAABPE/hl4esmHc5IAHAODjnPBXb430uMp0qkQugCEw/s1600/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-35eebQ-_31k/WESHAmRpqYI/AAAAAAAABPE/hl4esmHc5IAHAODjnPBXb430uMp0qkQugCEw/s640/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Comparing progress to the original woodcut. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K-lUsKVhqiw/WESHAr6bMEI/AAAAAAAABPE/rpV0UkGagYY59WZVuh1oXcn3MXG6awORwCEw/s1600/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K-lUsKVhqiw/WESHAr6bMEI/AAAAAAAABPE/rpV0UkGagYY59WZVuh1oXcn3MXG6awORwCEw/s640/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Instead of adding four individual panes, I opted to add a single simulated pane. <br />This was achieved by carving out the backside of the windows to <br />accept the simulated glass. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y3u60nnHhF4/WESHAlW0xRI/AAAAAAAABPE/KtRduPdpnXYku6l-vnlbeJPYjASQHNSGACEw/s1600/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y3u60nnHhF4/WESHAlW0xRI/AAAAAAAABPE/KtRduPdpnXYku6l-vnlbeJPYjASQHNSGACEw/s640/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The window panes were made from high quality PVC blister packaging material. <br />It is crystal clear, resists yellowing, and bonds well with CA glue. The painter's <br />tape protects the surface from scratches and permits patterns to be drawn <br />on the surface. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t1xNLI7hZyQ/WESHApu_plI/AAAAAAAABPE/4lNuuhYQ8gI1ty8UgxL_49AsvbGkpHRiwCEw/s1600/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t1xNLI7hZyQ/WESHApu_plI/AAAAAAAABPE/4lNuuhYQ8gI1ty8UgxL_49AsvbGkpHRiwCEw/s640/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A beading line of CA was used to glue the panes in place. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7kvEgELV-9c/WESHAhQtQ0I/AAAAAAAABPE/FtX0y4k7_5UyRJyttMU8vIr7h9vc1aZawCEw/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7kvEgELV-9c/WESHAhQtQ0I/AAAAAAAABPE/FtX0y4k7_5UyRJyttMU8vIr7h9vc1aZawCEw/s640/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Allowing the glue to dry. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iZVeVEdKX9U/WESHA3B_moI/AAAAAAAABPE/8aKclLuxvVoBvtM58wXuOGXTvvemoPGvgCEw/s1600/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iZVeVEdKX9U/WESHA3B_moI/AAAAAAAABPE/8aKclLuxvVoBvtM58wXuOGXTvvemoPGvgCEw/s640/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A pair of finished windows compared to the woodcut. Note the double <br />sashes in the woodcut image. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YHqFy8xlNTw/WESHA4fYrXI/AAAAAAAABPE/UMbXLEYxLXgas2g51lBfshEIPXQOb7n8wCEw/s1600/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YHqFy8xlNTw/WESHA4fYrXI/AAAAAAAABPE/UMbXLEYxLXgas2g51lBfshEIPXQOb7n8wCEw/s640/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gluing the sills to the sashes. These are not the proper configuration, <br />but will not be visible on the finished model. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kH1beo_lWkA/WESG_ysf5NI/AAAAAAAABPE/xHkZfg04PbEV92UvL8Xdv-DIAaGvNP7OACEw/s1600/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kH1beo_lWkA/WESG_ysf5NI/AAAAAAAABPE/xHkZfg04PbEV92UvL8Xdv-DIAaGvNP7OACEw/s640/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A nickle for scale. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nt1QiA5PX-w/WESG_vnXGEI/AAAAAAAABPE/N8nIBgIHMCcAuBYwUPj1C6SagOqeuU3SgCEw/s1600/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nt1QiA5PX-w/WESG_vnXGEI/AAAAAAAABPE/N8nIBgIHMCcAuBYwUPj1C6SagOqeuU3SgCEw/s640/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3HTEhGly23Y/WESG_0fTgXI/AAAAAAAABPE/nYlNjpMtvf0lNjCf4v0JaBYa6bRYtU7rQCEw/s1600/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3HTEhGly23Y/WESG_0fTgXI/AAAAAAAABPE/nYlNjpMtvf0lNjCf4v0JaBYa6bRYtU7rQCEw/s640/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The completed double windows. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wwn1eb-LRas/WESG_1drOCI/AAAAAAAABPE/zejQHkMM7uAParPSR7q1K_7qYnUiqDypACEw/s1600/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wwn1eb-LRas/WESG_1drOCI/AAAAAAAABPE/zejQHkMM7uAParPSR7q1K_7qYnUiqDypACEw/s640/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A closeup view.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lQ7FnKVmAlA/WESHAJF10vI/AAAAAAAABPE/Uk9gwmCkcc8ecr20kGS93k-dqdRmyn6tQCEw/s1600/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lQ7FnKVmAlA/WESHAJF10vI/AAAAAAAABPE/Uk9gwmCkcc8ecr20kGS93k-dqdRmyn6tQCEw/s640/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The interior panes were sanded to simulate frost (and to prevent a <br />view into the interior of the model). </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iIY9A08U0gI/WESHAEkCdeI/AAAAAAAABPE/6Ah8NCCIQDgl9Ch4weBvC7wz9uUsxN5ggCEw/s1600/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iIY9A08U0gI/WESHAEkCdeI/AAAAAAAABPE/6Ah8NCCIQDgl9Ch4weBvC7wz9uUsxN5ggCEw/s640/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The port stern lights installed between the stern frames. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wLGSWUHrRfk/WESHAKgGkFI/AAAAAAAABPE/uyZWDXXtwugeGokZakCFaS2HlqSaIPX2gCEw/s1600/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wLGSWUHrRfk/WESHAKgGkFI/AAAAAAAABPE/uyZWDXXtwugeGokZakCFaS2HlqSaIPX2gCEw/s640/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A view from the interior of the model. The imposing nature of the <br />well can be seen here. </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T0MaZ8UXDKw/WESHARzBHVI/AAAAAAAABPE/pPSHfZmgzmg_wOrHmqOfGkobxdEq9Y1-ACEw/s1600/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T0MaZ8UXDKw/WESHARzBHVI/AAAAAAAABPE/pPSHfZmgzmg_wOrHmqOfGkobxdEq9Y1-ACEw/s640/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Approximating the view from the great cabin <br />(as best possible).</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QRBnCrhHfUE/WESHAcAyE7I/AAAAAAAABPE/6XD06u8Tue4q6o5lXHsMQ87FLanxo37BACEw/s1600/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QRBnCrhHfUE/WESHAcAyE7I/AAAAAAAABPE/6XD06u8Tue4q6o5lXHsMQ87FLanxo37BACEw/s640/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The completed stern gallery. </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-csGNsSRLS1Q/WESHAccx1SI/AAAAAAAABPE/WPzoqSZVdxoAZ2nKkIXY28QE22YEBm6HQCEw/s1600/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-csGNsSRLS1Q/WESHAccx1SI/AAAAAAAABPE/WPzoqSZVdxoAZ2nKkIXY28QE22YEBm6HQCEw/s640/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="494" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mini-Cozier surveys the pack from the comfort of his great cabin. </span></td></tr>
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<br />Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-25732447215553027972016-09-18T14:49:00.000-07:002016-09-21T17:28:21.564-07:00PLANKING TERROR'S TOPSIDEOver the summer months, I have been working steadily on my model's topside planking, while it seems the real Terror has been biding her time, waiting to reveal herself to the world. Despite the excitement of the discovery, my work continues, though perhaps with somewhat more adrenaline than previously. <div>
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I began this part of the project by cutting out the numerous ports on Terror's bulwarks, and then proceeded with planking the entire topside down to the level of the chock channels. The planking followed a carefully laid out plan that I devised for the entire model. </div>
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Based on data in 1845 stern plans by Oliver Lang, the strakes on my model Terror vary between nine and ten scale inches wide whenever possible. Consistent with information gleaned from the original ship's contract, each strake is approximately 24 scale feet long (where possible), and follows a three plank shift. Deviations from this plan were necessary in many portions along the topside, where ports interrupted the normal planking layout (and common sense indicated a butt would not be necessary). </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I marked the position of the port sills using paper guides (this is the reverse <br>of the printed plan, used on the port side)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jl-pOEdn8J0/V957pzvdc-I/AAAAAAAABLs/0ERCNcUw4XYBE1T8apROr07GvhSV92JQACLcB/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jl-pOEdn8J0/V957pzvdc-I/AAAAAAAABLs/0ERCNcUw4XYBE1T8apROr07GvhSV92JQACLcB/s640/2.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each port was carefully cut out with a sharp blade. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7tBuGtyRHZQ/V957qOUrLhI/AAAAAAAABMA/4WkR1Yk1oA01ve1Rg29ADiVG73E5UpKfACLcB/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7tBuGtyRHZQ/V957qOUrLhI/AAAAAAAABMA/4WkR1Yk1oA01ve1Rg29ADiVG73E5UpKfACLcB/s640/3.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The port sills were lined with holly. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zb_OpFu5JL0/V957qfbUnzI/AAAAAAAABME/22aJ_ACj8So4YbahPP1pTvkeG2aQd1RRwCLcB/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zb_OpFu5JL0/V957qfbUnzI/AAAAAAAABME/22aJ_ACj8So4YbahPP1pTvkeG2aQd1RRwCLcB/s640/4.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Terror's bulwarks were riddled with ports. Here the bitts have been modeled <br>from Swiss pear and are portrayed in an unworn condition. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bSH2PCnTko4/V957qYyym3I/AAAAAAAABMI/juVe8QtWcZMSsVk1o19YzVTWORL4aTECQCLcB/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bSH2PCnTko4/V957qYyym3I/AAAAAAAABMI/juVe8QtWcZMSsVk1o19YzVTWORL4aTECQCLcB/s640/5.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Details of additional bitts. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4-ytn19WFiY/V957qXkBkwI/AAAAAAAABMM/uhN6Vc1vFH8C45P1ADNF810HtNQ4-U5oACLcB/s1600/6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4-ytn19WFiY/V957qXkBkwI/AAAAAAAABMM/uhN6Vc1vFH8C45P1ADNF810HtNQ4-U5oACLcB/s640/6.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the stern, Terror had two large chocks on each side. These were cut from Swiss <br>pear sheet stock and the correct shape transferred to them from a card cutout. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w6lgIbJ7R0k/V957qgOczpI/AAAAAAAABMQ/h1DnQG_4bUwjBiNFOOAIe9CwZ3RKg9iOACLcB/s1600/7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w6lgIbJ7R0k/V957qgOczpI/AAAAAAAABMQ/h1DnQG_4bUwjBiNFOOAIe9CwZ3RKg9iOACLcB/s640/7.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ensuring the chocks are symmetrical.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VLZQYB7rTFU/V957qqi-w1I/AAAAAAAABMY/zRODAbjM23o6uEvL6cKc8f3FqBcXZ2qdQCLcB/s1600/8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VLZQYB7rTFU/V957qqi-w1I/AAAAAAAABMY/zRODAbjM23o6uEvL6cKc8f3FqBcXZ2qdQCLcB/s640/8.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The finished pieces. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F0tz1ido41Q/V957qhileYI/AAAAAAAABMU/PBKpQvd08jof7Y-oWP3d3IB2izCN2h14gCLcB/s1600/9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F0tz1ido41Q/V957qhileYI/AAAAAAAABMU/PBKpQvd08jof7Y-oWP3d3IB2izCN2h14gCLcB/s640/9.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">And again after installation. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jxx1_HGUKCE/V957pFXkR4I/AAAAAAAABLM/I6JgQCL2i7gj4sRXLOR5XFWL6uBxWjfxgCLcB/s1600/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jxx1_HGUKCE/V957pFXkR4I/AAAAAAAABLM/I6JgQCL2i7gj4sRXLOR5XFWL6uBxWjfxgCLcB/s640/10.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking began at the solid ice channels and proceeded strake by strake (tier by tier), following the <br>plan I had devised. Terror has an extremely bluff bow, and care had to be taken here. While spiling <br>would be preferred, I am constantly worried about my wood supply and used a technique taught <br>by Chuck Passaro. It worked very well, despite planking in scale thickness (here 4").</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKGsoEHp6zU/V957pP4R7JI/AAAAAAAABLI/tlA9tBb19PYT1zUmg0A6_t9uVrTQyVDowCLcB/s1600/11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKGsoEHp6zU/V957pP4R7JI/AAAAAAAABLI/tlA9tBb19PYT1zUmg0A6_t9uVrTQyVDowCLcB/s640/11.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The port side, after a coat of Minwax Wipe on Poly. Note the bottom <br>strake is left untreated so that I can glue the ice channel top to it. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uG-JRn6Why4/V957pRtupmI/AAAAAAAABLQ/YsYyNwxlVL46wVxVBz11Y9LLlmxYbqKSgCLcB/s1600/12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uG-JRn6Why4/V957pRtupmI/AAAAAAAABLQ/YsYyNwxlVL46wVxVBz11Y9LLlmxYbqKSgCLcB/s640/12.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Comparing the symmetry of planking on both sides of the knee. Following <br>the planking plan and marking off the hull carefully ensures <br>less variation. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tT1EBcDxEWc/V957pQFveMI/AAAAAAAABLU/vYt1a_-6lGgLCnD1UWr6BeAkFjhUnMEXwCLcB/s1600/13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tT1EBcDxEWc/V957pQFveMI/AAAAAAAABLU/vYt1a_-6lGgLCnD1UWr6BeAkFjhUnMEXwCLcB/s640/13.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Terror's bow is so bluff, and the scale plank so thick, that I resorted to using a plank bending tool <br>to achieve the proper curvature. I dread planking the second layer on the wales, which <br>are over 9 scale inches thick! I expect hot water immersion , or hot iron bending, <br>will be my only option there. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pKRcbwm4-PU/V957pb8MW8I/AAAAAAAABLY/nvT8HydNRTEu6SDpdPJbjwF88iFiDYIHgCLcB/s1600/14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pKRcbwm4-PU/V957pb8MW8I/AAAAAAAABLY/nvT8HydNRTEu6SDpdPJbjwF88iFiDYIHgCLcB/s640/14.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking surrounding the many ports at Terror's bow. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MFZspKks7UI/V957pmxr_bI/AAAAAAAABLc/n8c8jARGX90itfXg1r46i4RTlH_8eCGCwCLcB/s1600/15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MFZspKks7UI/V957pmxr_bI/AAAAAAAABLc/n8c8jARGX90itfXg1r46i4RTlH_8eCGCwCLcB/s640/15.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The planking plan indicated that one plank, in particular, would be very complex. <br>I measured and marked it off carefully before cutting. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gAnitY4VhZ8/V957poS26BI/AAAAAAAABLg/Da81LJoPSm4DMOAR1nakAyrrr_gHRWRSwCLcB/s1600/16.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gAnitY4VhZ8/V957poS26BI/AAAAAAAABLg/Da81LJoPSm4DMOAR1nakAyrrr_gHRWRSwCLcB/s640/16.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Installation involved dry fitting, careful sanding, dry fitting again, sanding again, and <br>repeating constantly until it was acceptable. </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking amidships, showing the three plank shift. </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the chocks after planking. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9yI3rsYEaQc/V957qPAnNqI/AAAAAAAABL8/I6AnICGQeG4AnAy2lqaFXqB5kaRqdB6UgCLcB/s1600/22.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9yI3rsYEaQc/V957qPAnNqI/AAAAAAAABL8/I6AnICGQeG4AnAy2lqaFXqB5kaRqdB6UgCLcB/s640/22.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed planking run on Terror's starboard side. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br></div>
<div>
<br></div>
<div>
The next task in my project will be to frame the stern lights (windows) and install them. Until then, I hope we get to see more images of the <a href="http://i3.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article8825376.ece/ALTERNATES/s615b/HMS-Terror--Pictured-is-the-perfectly-intact-window-that-lets-you-see-inside-the-captains-quarters.jpg">real ones</a> from Franklin Expedition 2016. </div>
<div>
<div>
<br></div>
<div>
<br></div>
</div>
</div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-15955041338339925132016-09-12T16:26:00.001-07:002016-09-12T16:36:22.476-07:00HMS TERROR FOUND!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2VKkgWsgz1k/V9c4kUyrqgI/AAAAAAAABKw/TWd5SudJWMoXihWUBhL9miKAmQsEZefUgCLcB/s1600/unnamed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2VKkgWsgz1k/V9c4kUyrqgI/AAAAAAAABKw/TWd5SudJWMoXihWUBhL9miKAmQsEZefUgCLcB/s640/unnamed.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Left) HMS Terror's wheel, found this week off King William Island. <br />
(Right) The wheel from my Terror model. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
News came today that HMS Terror was discovered on the south
coast of King William Island, in the aptly named Terror Bay. Parks Canada is attempting to validate the
discovery and I’m eagerly awaiting their assessment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’ve received many questions about how I feel about
the discovery and what it means for my project. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In terms of my project, it is a wonderful thing, as was the
discovery of Erebus. I’ve followed the plans and historical data very closely
and now we get to see how it all compares. It can only lead to a more accurate
model and plan, though I admit that the images I’ve seen so far don’t raise any
alarms. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But, how do I feel? In a word, I’m elated. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’ve been working on this project since 2013; I’ve studied
and admired her formidable career; I’ve scrutinized every plank and bolt on her
plans. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my mind, I’ve spent nearly as many days on Terror as her
men did. The thought that she may have been milled to splinters as they watched
haunted me, because she (and her crew) didn’t deserve that fate. And frankly,
it didn’t fit with what I knew (mostly in my heart, until now) of Terror. I didn’t think she would have given up like
that, even in that grinding pack off King William Island. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So the news that she sits on the sea floor, “in pristine
condition” with her ”hatches closed and everything stowed” means everything to
me. First it means that she actually made it – she essentially found the Northwest
Passage. More importantly, it means that she took everything the Arctic pack
could throw at her; that she sheltered her men to the very last; that she
didn’t abandon them to the ice. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There was nothing more anyone could have asked
from Terror. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
That she survived it all in “pristine” condition, well,
she deserves it. She warrants all the
attention, all the photographs, all the books and articles that will be written,
all the documentaries and shows, all the accolades. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
She’s the greatest polar
exploration vessel the world has ever seen. <o:p></o:p></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-55941964161419737702016-06-29T03:14:00.001-07:002016-07-17T13:47:40.988-07:00GETTING PUMPED FOR TERROR’S BIRTHDAY<div class="MsoNormal">
Today marks HMS <i>Terror</i>’s
two-hundred and third birthday - the
anniversary of her launch in Topsham, Devon on June 29th, 1813. Within a year
of her launch, <i>Terror</i> would be harassing
American cities along the Eastern Seaboard, and would even have an epic poem
written about her exploits by Francis Scott Key. Today, when Americans sing
their national anthem, they reference the history of our favorite exploration
vessel. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This date also marks the third anniversary of the start of
the Building HMS <i>Terror</i> blog, and
today we’ll be celebrating our respective anniversaries by discussing <i>Terror</i>’s pumps. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By 1845, <i>Terror</i> had
at least five pumping mechanisms installed, though it likely had other moveable
“fire pumps” as well. For her size, <i>Terror</i>
had a relatively large number of water management devices. Comparing the 1836 upper
deck and profile plans of <i>Terror</i> to
the 1839 plans shows that an additional two common pumps were
installed just behind the forehatch, while the main pumps flanking the main
mast were upgraded and replaced. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
These changes were likely a response to the near sinking of <i>Terror</i> during George Back’s arctic
expedition of 1836-1837. In the spring of 1837, ice damage to <i>Terror</i>’s sternpost and keel created leaks
so severe that five feet of water gushed into her hold every hour. Back ordered
his men to work the pumps continuously during <i>Terror</i>’s return voyage across the Atlantic. The crew became so exhausted
that they had to beach the vessel at the closest landfall, at Loch Swilly in
Ireland.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rice, the shipwright responsible for <i>Terror</i>’s 1839 refit, responded to this near disaster by upgrading
all of <i>Terror</i>’s pumping systems. He
also introduced penstocks into the limber board system in the hold, which
allowed the crew to manage the flow of bilge water into her well. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Below, I’ll discuss each of <i>Terror</i>’s new pump systems in turn. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3>
<b><br /></b><b>Massey’s (Massies)
Patent Pumps (Bilge):</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Massey’s patent pumps were a reliable flywheel pump system
of a type that became very popular on civilian and navy vessels in the latter
half of the 19th century. Testing of Massey’s pumps began in 1833 and timed trials
on board HMS <i>Thunderer</i> showed clear
advantages over traditional chain pumps. Water discharge rates over short durations
were similar to the chain pumps, but at greater periods of time, the Massey pumps
outpaced the chain pumps significantly (1). The main advantage of the flywheel
design seems to be that “it [did] equal work with less fatigue to the men” (1).
The trial was so impressive to the Admiralty that they installed Massey’s pumps
on HMS <i>Vestal</i> in 1834 (2), and
increasingly on Royal Navy vessels thereafter. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Massey’s pumps were a double action “lift and force” pump,
consisting of a camshaft driven by two crank handles. The camshaft drove two 18
inch piston rods that powered the pumps. A heavy iron flywheel was mounted on
the fore end of the camshaft, and, once in motion, it assisted in maintaining
the momentum of rotation (thereby making the crank handles easier to turn). Unlike
chain pumps, Massey’s pumps were very difficult to clog, and could “…discharge a block of wood 9
or 10 inches in diameter”(1). This was obviously
the perfect pump for an arctic expedition vessel. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My plans for the Massey pumps on board <i>Terror</i> are derived from measurements shown on the 1839 plans of <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i>, with additional information gleaned from the somewhat more
detailed HMS<i> Investigator</i> plans.
Cross sectional details, especially of the fly wheels and piston rods, were
derived from historical images of similar flywheel pumps, as I was unable to
locate the patent for Massey’s 1833 pump design. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UAZ7GfxuJRY/V3MrnxTEuXI/AAAAAAAABJw/zKKWI4Z_ep0j7ngG73w7atwn5blGlxmqwCLcB/s1600/Massey%2BPump%2BLabeled%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UAZ7GfxuJRY/V3MrnxTEuXI/AAAAAAAABJw/zKKWI4Z_ep0j7ngG73w7atwn5blGlxmqwCLcB/s640/Massey%2BPump%2BLabeled%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="586" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plans for Massey's Patent Pumps, as installed on HMS <i>Terror</i> in 1839.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3>
<b>Common Pumps (Bilge):</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Terror</i> was fitted
with two common, or suction pumps, also known as "elm tree pumps" due to the
use of a single bored-out elm trunk as their barrel or tube. Elm was used because of its general resistance
to water, though other water-resistant woods could be employed. The pumps were
extremely simple, consisting of a brake (or handle), a spear (or piston) and two
valves, and were thus very easy to make and repair. The advantage of placing two
common pumps in the fore of the ship was that the fore hold could be pumped out
independently of the rest of the ship; which could be critical in a situation
such as Back found himself during the 1837 Atlantic crossing. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kc9KF0KloiE/V3Mrn925paI/AAAAAAAABJs/ABEanek0oZUZeOI0_CJGox3KxkPE-M5aACKgB/s1600/Common%2BPump%2BLabeled%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kc9KF0KloiE/V3Mrn925paI/AAAAAAAABJs/ABEanek0oZUZeOI0_CJGox3KxkPE-M5aACKgB/s640/Common%2BPump%2BLabeled%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="472" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Plans for HMS <i>Terror's</i> common pumps, as installed on HMS </span><i style="font-size: 12.8px;">Terror</i><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> in 1839.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3>
<b>Truscott’s Pump
(Fresh Water):</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Truscott’s pump was a simple invention that revolutionized
the way water was stored and retrieved on Royal Navy vessels. Inspired by a
visit to an ale house in 1812 (3), Truscott designed a relatively simple iron
pump attached to a small diameter pipe system that led to the hold. Just like in
the ale houses, he attached a flexible leather hose to the end of the pipe and
fed it into the water casks. This obviated the need to move the
casks to retrieve water. This was a major boon on sailing vessels, because moving
casks to retrieve water was time consuming, dangerous, and inevitably impacted
the ship’s trim, requiring periodic rearrangement of the ship’s casks and
ballast. This simple invention eventually led to the use of permanent iron
water tanks on sailing vessels, which ultimately resulted in the abandonment of
shingle and iron ballast. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A plan of Truscott’s pump (ZAZ6848), dated 18th September
1814, is held by the National Maritime Museum. The 1839 lower deck plan for <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i> indicates that one Truscott pump was located at the rear
of the ship’s stove, on the starboard side, close to the door to the sickbay. This pump permitted the crew and the ship’s cook
to access fresh water as it was need. Since the water tanks in <i>Terror</i>’s hold surrounded the Sylvester stove/furnace,
it is possible that the device could have be used throughout the winter months.
However, it is likely that the fresh
water tank above the Fraser stove provided enough for the ship’s needs without
using the hold tanks (at least during the winter months when fresh water ice
was available). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RsTxWFRJzoY/V3MrniHBqaI/AAAAAAAABJo/E-A87TMYfColj6_t2_EjbIQhpnu5FWIqQCKgB/s1600/Truscott%2BPump%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RsTxWFRJzoY/V3MrniHBqaI/AAAAAAAABJo/E-A87TMYfColj6_t2_EjbIQhpnu5FWIqQCKgB/s640/Truscott%2BPump%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Truscott's pump (in red) as installed on HMS <i>Terror </i>in 1839. <br />
The ship's water tanks and Fraser's stove appear in blue. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3>
<b>References:</b></h3>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. The Nautical Magazine: A Journal of Papers on Subjects
Connected with Maritime Affairs in General. 1833. Page 292.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Sharp, James. 1858. Memoirs of the Life and Services of
Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847. Longman
Brown Green Longmans & Roberts, London. Page 153.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 964px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal">
3. Transaction of the Institution of Architects. 1865.
Page 191. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-33108856848435618552016-05-30T17:33:00.000-07:002016-05-30T17:33:08.424-07:00MY FAIR TERROR<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Fairing” is an important step in constructing an
accurate hull shape on a ship model. It involves sanding and beveling the
bulkheads to create an even surface for the planking to sit flat against the
hull frame. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For my build, this was an extended process that allowed me
to learn much about the construction of <i>Terror
</i>and <i>Erebus</i>, especially at the stern and the bow. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
In this post, I will present a photo essay documenting the steps I took to prepare the hull for planking. As I progress through the steps, I'll discuss what I learned
about Franklin’s exploration vessels. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EI_6o9Etz_g/V0rp8qmMw6I/AAAAAAAABG4/sJOnZomtf6QEmAHTvUumUAoKs6Z0HfKwwCLcB/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EI_6o9Etz_g/V0rp8qmMw6I/AAAAAAAABG4/sJOnZomtf6QEmAHTvUumUAoKs6Z0HfKwwCLcB/s640/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Before I could begin faring the hull, it was necessary to fill in the <br />stern and bow of the model using filling blocks. I created these <br />from 1/4" plywood, laser cut using measurements from the <br />ship's plans. This image displays the three starboard filling <br />blocks used at the bow. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-m66ypjUQ0FU/V0saRshcksI/AAAAAAAABI0/jxfrleExQ6UibH-JFkRMnWGUGF4u1Cc1gCLcB/s1600/IMG_4591%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-m66ypjUQ0FU/V0saRshcksI/AAAAAAAABI0/jxfrleExQ6UibH-JFkRMnWGUGF4u1Cc1gCLcB/s640/IMG_4591%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The filling blocks were carved to shape using card <br />guides cut to match the lines of the half breadth plan. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JnGw67DOa5Q/V0rp9tUmy0I/AAAAAAAABHc/M3vUzEpUXJgD8a2N5YZ-ZECiyDn756gRwCLcB/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JnGw67DOa5Q/V0rp9tUmy0I/AAAAAAAABHc/M3vUzEpUXJgD8a2N5YZ-ZECiyDn756gRwCLcB/s640/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Placing the filling blocks side-by-side as they were carved ensured that they <br />were symmetrical. The lamination in the plywood was also helpful<br /> in this regard. However, plywood is a poor carving material, <br />and I would think twice about using it again. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5DZ2fnQpr3I/V0rp-rl3DNI/AAAAAAAABIE/vcCpHOdgJqsniNOJe3t9Hk-G2Pvb0C43QCLcB/s1600/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5DZ2fnQpr3I/V0rp-rl3DNI/AAAAAAAABIE/vcCpHOdgJqsniNOJe3t9Hk-G2Pvb0C43QCLcB/s640/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1839, the solid chock (ice) channels on <i>Terror</i> were extended around the bow. I <br />constructed these from several layers of basswood. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pDh1rxL7GSM/V0zDiAxJEAI/AAAAAAAABJM/mSydTfGZce0Q04cOWBjLBUayFYlW4VwrgCLcB/s1600/IMG_2623%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pDh1rxL7GSM/V0zDiAxJEAI/AAAAAAAABJM/mSydTfGZce0Q04cOWBjLBUayFYlW4VwrgCLcB/s640/IMG_2623%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small;">These chocks were then shaped to match the proper cross section of the channels. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F7HXWfrn68c/V0zDiNWTZaI/AAAAAAAABJI/HOmqISZMIusdg_79f2ckFH-hWl4BOw53wCKgB/s1600/IMG_2693%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F7HXWfrn68c/V0zDiNWTZaI/AAAAAAAABJI/HOmqISZMIusdg_79f2ckFH-hWl4BOw53wCKgB/s640/IMG_2693%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The ice channels were glued in place on the bow and scrap wood </span><br style="font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-size: small;">was used to rough out the bulwark shape. The excessive</span><br style="font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-size: small;">use of glue didn't escape Mini-Crozier's critical eye. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_IKjFYBdp-0/V0rp-94yW_I/AAAAAAAABIM/tq-TPuyiHWos3BaA4dsf6VIe2-d4gD6KACLcB/s1600/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_IKjFYBdp-0/V0rp-94yW_I/AAAAAAAABIM/tq-TPuyiHWos3BaA4dsf6VIe2-d4gD6KACLcB/s640/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The gaps in the bulwarks were filled using basswood strips of appropriate thickness. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZQpkYb2v8p0/V0rp-0cwEsI/AAAAAAAABIY/z4kUv6pYnVQKjIRqTnWzHSYm-3KhxWUSwCLcB/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZQpkYb2v8p0/V0rp-0cwEsI/AAAAAAAABIY/z4kUv6pYnVQKjIRqTnWzHSYm-3KhxWUSwCLcB/s640/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rather than filling and sanding seams and gaps, basswood leveling strips <br />were applied to the upper surface of the ice channels. The channels<br />were then filed to shape using card stock templates. Scrap wood was <br />used to fill in any large gaps in the bulwarks. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ipVJIZKN7u8/V0rp_D0eHoI/AAAAAAAABIU/0QXS327mF6clmuThzuiBCQ_6UBHPZDrmgCLcB/s1600/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ipVJIZKN7u8/V0rp_D0eHoI/AAAAAAAABIU/0QXS327mF6clmuThzuiBCQ_6UBHPZDrmgCLcB/s640/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The completed bow just prior to sanding. I checked the symmetry <br />and level of each side of the ice channel obsessively with a height <br />gauge while the model was still on its building board. The<br />asymmetry of the filling stock used to shape the bulwarks <br />is a product of the odds and ends in my spoil bin, and while </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">unsightly, it won't be visible when the model is planked. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--8k1cNgJT68/V0rp_L6R5dI/AAAAAAAABIc/v2U6thBKgX0IPYDccB93LQUq7ggGdeLoQCLcB/s1600/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--8k1cNgJT68/V0rp_L6R5dI/AAAAAAAABIc/v2U6thBKgX0IPYDccB93LQUq7ggGdeLoQCLcB/s640/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">This image shows the faired forward bulkheads and bow filling blocks, just prior to final</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">sanding. The merchant-like shape of <i>Terror</i>'s bow and the imposing nature of the ice </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">channel grafted to it can be seen in this view. Note how far the ice channel </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">overhangs </span><span style="font-size: small;">the bow relative to the port side of the ship; this is because it </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">sits on three layers of planking, including a layer of 3" lower </span><span style="font-size: small;">planks,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> a second layer of 8" planks, and a third layer </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">of even thicker reinforcing planks. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f7KA9Bw8sQ8/V0rp8m0_KlI/AAAAAAAABGw/qlgJd9Zhk00NwjcXlhzQk_ebTW_kLbeawCLcB/s1600/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f7KA9Bw8sQ8/V0rp8m0_KlI/AAAAAAAABGw/qlgJd9Zhk00NwjcXlhzQk_ebTW_kLbeawCLcB/s640/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">An image of the faired stern, detailing the single filling block used <br />in this area. The stern rabbet is in the process of being finalized</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">in this image. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wbZOaRfvpCI/V0rp8m3lHLI/AAAAAAAABG0/3ceKSdqfDC8lcldo8EA6xhmtlZZILbmRACLcB/s1600/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wbZOaRfvpCI/V0rp8m3lHLI/AAAAAAAABG0/3ceKSdqfDC8lcldo8EA6xhmtlZZILbmRACLcB/s640/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">With the hull faired, the stern timbers could be installed. These <br />were laser cut from Swiss pear. The outermost stern timbers, <br />on the left, were cut in two sections, as they form an angle <br />when installed correctly. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="text-align: center;">Prior to describing how the stern timbers were installed, it is important to note how this area of the ship was designed by Oliver Lang, the shipwright who refit <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i> for the Franklin Expedition. Because of the massive size of the propeller well and the rudder post which formed its aft wall, Lang had little room left to fit the six stern timbers and four stern lights (windows) in the counter. His solution can be seen in the <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68212.html">1845 Erebus and Terror stern model</a> in the collection of the National Maritime Museum, in Chatham. </span><br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: center;">Inspection of the propeller well in that model shows that the stern timbers were actually used to form side walls of the well. However, they could not be fayed directly to the sides of the rudder post as this wouldn't leave enough space for the stern lights (windows). This meant that the stern timbers had to be inset into the sides of the rudder post by three inches to form the side walls of the propeller well. Remarkably, Lang achieved all of this with almost no modification of <i>Terror</i>'s existing stern framing. With the rudder post locked directly into the two central stern timbers, the whole structure was incredibly robust. It is important to note that the inset stern timbers may not have been needed on <i>Erebus</i>, which had a slightly wider counter than <i>Terror</i>. </span><br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CrJxGOgCbXY/V0rp-JSmxjI/AAAAAAAABHw/9XKrnDmpnvkCoWcbFH7EXWrQL8C_qsH1gCLcB/s1600/23%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CrJxGOgCbXY/V0rp-JSmxjI/AAAAAAAABHw/9XKrnDmpnvkCoWcbFH7EXWrQL8C_qsH1gCLcB/s640/23%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" width="420" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Simplified plan of <i>Terror</i>'s counter architecture. Note how the stern timbers overlap <br />the rudder post. Also noteworthy is the position of the upper deck transom, <br />which could be fayed directly to the aft side of the rudder post in this configuration. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KUzrDGzjrrc/V0rp81nXdhI/AAAAAAAABG8/Lxx68pCXF-0NDfgW1m5tJPT54plDUENkgCLcB/s1600/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KUzrDGzjrrc/V0rp81nXdhI/AAAAAAAABG8/Lxx68pCXF-0NDfgW1m5tJPT54plDUENkgCLcB/s640/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In this image, the slot/inset for the stern timber has been cut into the rudder <br />post. Note how it is level with the interior sides of the propeller well. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_UmTUpWVsNM/V0rp83VCzGI/AAAAAAAABHA/OQteBipJDhsHy_81mLa1tXMyopR2Lsy7QCLcB/s1600/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_UmTUpWVsNM/V0rp83VCzGI/AAAAAAAABHA/OQteBipJDhsHy_81mLa1tXMyopR2Lsy7QCLcB/s640/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A view from the aft side of the rudder post showing the insets for the stern timbers. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Note the square slots in the stern filling blocks cut to accept the heels of the stern timbers </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">(no wing transom was required for construction for this stage).</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S5dHUGJRRGU/V0rp9LaxFnI/AAAAAAAABHE/5e1e940cJxUlTWEVpSvCItKQlQAKQswHwCLcB/s1600/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S5dHUGJRRGU/V0rp9LaxFnI/AAAAAAAABHE/5e1e940cJxUlTWEVpSvCItKQlQAKQswHwCLcB/s640/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Checking the fit with a stern timber. This won't be visible in the finished model. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dgdlMWU0G8w/V0rp9BJt-SI/AAAAAAAABHI/iQyiXxhfkr4bjGMCK4q-NCJQH3TM69tRgCLcB/s1600/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dgdlMWU0G8w/V0rp9BJt-SI/AAAAAAAABHI/iQyiXxhfkr4bjGMCK4q-NCJQH3TM69tRgCLcB/s640/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Checking alignment.</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D9p1VXECDs0/V0rp9MuqvRI/AAAAAAAABHM/VGdFkMvvvr800Gq9eUZUNa6NSIbI-rPVwCLcB/s1600/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D9p1VXECDs0/V0rp9MuqvRI/AAAAAAAABHM/VGdFkMvvvr800Gq9eUZUNa6NSIbI-rPVwCLcB/s640/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The stern timbers were fitted with the help of a jig. The jig was designed to be<br />clamped to the bulwarks, using the station lines printed on it as guides. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-raZ32TroL0U/V0rp9eyQyGI/AAAAAAAABHQ/b2IlvjGXQbMxDdfi7NDbCxoD3RZAhzhDgCLcB/s1600/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-raZ32TroL0U/V0rp9eyQyGI/AAAAAAAABHQ/b2IlvjGXQbMxDdfi7NDbCxoD3RZAhzhDgCLcB/s640/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Detail of the aft part of the jig. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nva9qwKYI40/V0rp9YwG6II/AAAAAAAABHU/HiW_-VyjsOoqfZMbRjriwq4QfApjRrm_wCLcB/s1600/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nva9qwKYI40/V0rp9YwG6II/AAAAAAAABHU/HiW_-VyjsOoqfZMbRjriwq4QfApjRrm_wCLcB/s640/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A height gauge was necessary to ensure that the jig was properly aligned along its aft margin. <br />This gauge slid tightly over the aft support of the building board, using the tracks on the left. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5Njy9NZperU/V0rp9qr31EI/AAAAAAAABHY/uF7udofKs-k6FEUsZ_D8OWNrxQJpGcgIQCLcB/s1600/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5Njy9NZperU/V0rp9qr31EI/AAAAAAAABHY/uF7udofKs-k6FEUsZ_D8OWNrxQJpGcgIQCLcB/s640/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The jig and height gauge in place, with the center two stern timbers <br />installed and clamped. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-remuI9wYyJM/V0rp9ssboYI/AAAAAAAABHg/qJpunLEhnw0VZvQ4-CTlqKWZ12PLP_ETgCLcB/s1600/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-remuI9wYyJM/V0rp9ssboYI/AAAAAAAABHg/qJpunLEhnw0VZvQ4-CTlqKWZ12PLP_ETgCLcB/s640/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Wing transom" filling pieces. These are not entirely accurate architecturally </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">(they are more like half-transoms), but were carved and sanded to shape </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">to provide a platform for planking the stern. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1xGgShPH7sc/V0rp9wOaJGI/AAAAAAAABHk/oH3E4Lnf1tQzJdqefFnhjB59UN0yTHI3QCLcB/s1600/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1xGgShPH7sc/V0rp9wOaJGI/AAAAAAAABHk/oH3E4Lnf1tQzJdqefFnhjB59UN0yTHI3QCLcB/s640/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The "wing transom" in place. Note the <i>very </i>slight curve in the transom. As confirmed <br />by the <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68212.html">1845 stern model</a> and the <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/66676.html">1839 model of <i>Erebus</i></a>, <i>Terror</i>'s <br />stern was very square indeed.</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Sy6lasdsxvY/V0rp93SQwwI/AAAAAAAABHo/xr5u3iUnh1cddczbwF9ohmXyMcLVyMeYgCLcB/s1600/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Sy6lasdsxvY/V0rp93SQwwI/AAAAAAAABHo/xr5u3iUnh1cddczbwF9ohmXyMcLVyMeYgCLcB/s640/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rough transverse framing was installed to support the stern timbers. This </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">framing is not accurate to plan or scale but rather simply supports the structure<br />and will not be visible when the model is planked. See the above plan for the<br /> correct framing. As with the bow, I obsessively relied on a height gauge to <br />ensure the entire structure was level and square. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aXKQ-VnBiMA/V0rp-PfspJI/AAAAAAAABHs/PlK3NK8zvM4euVMXGbUNNN84p4joO0KhgCLcB/s1600/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aXKQ-VnBiMA/V0rp-PfspJI/AAAAAAAABHs/PlK3NK8zvM4euVMXGbUNNN84p4joO0KhgCLcB/s640/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A port side view, detailing the stern architecture. Note how the stern <br />timbers adjoined the propeller well and rudder post. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7Dp5RMsYZQc/V0rp-CrNFaI/AAAAAAAABH0/pmZc-Ksjsxg2SKqmxGY1K-XuxWtDtryBQCLcB/s1600/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7Dp5RMsYZQc/V0rp-CrNFaI/AAAAAAAABH0/pmZc-Ksjsxg2SKqmxGY1K-XuxWtDtryBQCLcB/s640/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="636" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The completed stern. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Completing the construction and fairing of the model's stern was a milestone for my project. Not only is the model now ready for planking, finishing this stage of the build revealed a minor mystery surrounding how Lang planked <i>Terror</i>'s stern . Lang's <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html">1845 stern refit plan</a> stated that an "....<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">additional part of the wale [was] added to the
after end of the ship to form the well or trunk..." for the propeller. Unfortunately, his plan does not reveal if both layers of planking were extended to accomplish this (<i>Terror</i> was double planked against the ice). However, with the construction of this part of the model, his solution became clear to me.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;">If my model is correct, then it shows that the first layer of <i>Terror</i>'s hull planking did not need to be </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;">modified in any way by Lang. In fact, it could simply be left in place, terminating at the edge of the lower counter, as was typical of bomb vessels. Again, if my model architecture is correct, then it shows that Lang could have just extended the <i>second layer </i>of planking to the rudder post. The <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68212.html">1845 stern model</a> shows that this </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;">planking</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> rose straight up the rudder post and, when it hit the counter, turned to trace a graceful arc, running from the upper end of the stern rabbet to the lowest portion of the counter at the sides (these planks were fayed </span></span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">directly</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> to</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;"> the previously planked counter)</span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;">. <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html">Lang's stern plan</a> shows that the second layer abutted a beveled margin plank on the counter, although this isn't detailed on his stern model. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d5K-5zgnepM/V0rp-RwiVGI/AAAAAAAABH4/eL0ATfvWrZg9ES08BbpTgGGLw1EzznOZgCLcB/s1600/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="622" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d5K-5zgnepM/V0rp-RwiVGI/AAAAAAAABH4/eL0ATfvWrZg9ES08BbpTgGGLw1EzznOZgCLcB/s640/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">My planking plan for <i>Terror</i>'s stern. The red lines show the lower planking, while <br />the white lines show the upper level of planking. The overlap of the planks <br />accords well with the<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85469.html"> 1839 midships section for <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror</i></a>. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NDajBeS6XiM/V0rp-T-28NI/AAAAAAAABH8/I92f6O0fQm0agrsOEtV9KVs0m_AKH5C1wCLcB/s1600/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NDajBeS6XiM/V0rp-T-28NI/AAAAAAAABH8/I92f6O0fQm0agrsOEtV9KVs0m_AKH5C1wCLcB/s640/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The current condition of <i>Terror</i>. She's just about ready for planking. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8piTRhV1aw8/V0rp-buEjgI/AAAAAAAABIA/sdK81DBLliskuP7sI2fAe3C7h9tn4TVtwCLcB/s1600/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8piTRhV1aw8/V0rp-buEjgI/AAAAAAAABIA/sdK81DBLliskuP7sI2fAe3C7h9tn4TVtwCLcB/s640/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A view from the upper deck. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-82116356544704731252016-03-27T15:53:00.000-07:002016-12-08T13:53:55.158-08:00A VIEW FROM TERROR’S (AND EREBUS’) QUARTERDECK<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In early May
1845, just prior to the departure of HMS </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Erebus</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">and </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Terror</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">on their final
voyage, a number of the Franklin Expedition officers sat for a remarkable series of
daguerreotype portraits. Taken by the renowned London daguerreotypist Richard
Beard on the deck of HMS </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Erebus</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">, most of the images include a cloth backdrop
which obscures the ship’s architecture. However, one portrait, of
Lieutenant Henry T. D. Le Vesconte, did not use a backdrop; this omission resulted in the only
known contemporary “photographic” image of </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Erebus</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> or </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">In the image, Le Vesconte appears to be sitting on the starboard quarterdeck of HMS <i>Erebus</i>, just in front of the ship’s mizzen mast, skylight, and wheel (note the original daguerreotype is a reversed image). Out of frame, in front of his left elbow, would have been a small charting table bolted to the deck. Le Vesconte may have used a stool or chair associated with that table to sit for his photograph.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?gl=ROOT_CATEGORY&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=seorecords&gsfn=HenryThomas&gsln=Levesconte&msbdy=1813&msbpn__ftp=Netherton+Combeinteignhead%2c+Devon%2c+England&msddy=1846&msdpn__ftp=King+Wm+Land%2c+Arctic+Circle&cpxt=0&catBucket=p&uidh=000&cp=0"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JCJbzh5DQ48/Vvg5L6V8OaI/AAAAAAAABC0/0aB5IWSi13ccE6uk90CVMKA8QtGIu4ENQ/s320/LV%2BFlipped%2B%2528Small%2529%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" width="262" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?gl=ROOT_CATEGORY&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=seorecords&gsfn=HenryThomas&gsln=Levesconte&msbdy=1813&msbpn__ftp=Netherton+Combeinteignhead%2c+Devon%2c+England&msddy=1846&msdpn__ftp=King+Wm+Land%2c+Arctic+Circle&cpxt=0&catBucket=p&uidh=000&cp=0">Lieutenant Henry T.D. Le Vesconte, 1845.</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I believe
this location was carefully chosen for the photograph. In the Royal Navy,
the starboard quarterdeck was considered to be an almost sacred location - reserved
only for the ship’s master and his officers. On </span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Erebus</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">, it was the location
where Franklin and his senior officers would have issued orders, considered
routes, and charted coastlines. It was the nerve-centre of the entire Franklin
expedition. It is astonishing that such an image has survived to the present
day. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Components in the Le Vesconte Scene</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I have been
modelling 1/48 scale versions of the ship's wheel and skylights for my HMS
</span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> project, and realized that I had the opportunity to recreate the famous
Le Vesconte image. To model these fittings, I began with the original ship’s
plans and used the Le Vesconte daguerreotype to provided key information.
Further information was gleaned from the <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/66676.html">1839 </a></span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/66676.html">Erebus</a></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/66676.html"> model</a> in the collections
of the National Maritime Museum. As I will describe below, one of these
structures was recently discovered by Parks Canada near the wreck of HMS
</span><i style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Erebus</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> and the </span><span style="line-height: 17.12px;">publicly</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> released image of that artifact provided critical
information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>The Skylights</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">HMS <i>Erebus</i>
and <i>Terror</i> each had two skylights located on the aft of the upper deck. Both follow
a design originally adopted by HMS <i>Terror</i> in 1836. The sides of the skylights
were rimmed with panes of glass to allow sunlight into the captain’s cabin
and officer’s mess. Unusually, their tops had no peak or even a slight camber –
attributes confirmed by the daguerreotype and the NMM model of Erebus. Interestingly,
the daguerreotype indicates that the panes were not protected by brass rods as
was standard on many Royal Navy vessels of the era – an indication of the peaceful
aims of the expedition. In addition, the aft skylight on <a href="http://hms-trincomalee.co.uk/virtual/detail/det13.htm">HMS <i>Trincomalee</i></a>, which is very similar to those
used on HMS <i>Erebus </i>and <i>Terror</i>, provided important details for my recreation.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
1836/1837 and 1839 plans for <i>Terror</i>/<i>Erebus </i>indicate the skylights may have had collapsible
sides, at least on the starboard. This would have permitted ventilation, if
necessary, though the plans seem to indicate the ultimate aim was to enable the
skylights to be used as makeshift companionways. In this scenario, it is
likely the roofs of the skylights would have been removable. I opted not to
model these aspects of the skylights, as I had no information on how these
features were designed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rg6ToMzoz0c/Vvg5KxrCJbI/AAAAAAAABCo/1WYScYaH3z8UCMazTXfPLY06LamZejH9g/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rg6ToMzoz0c/Vvg5KxrCJbI/AAAAAAAABCo/1WYScYaH3z8UCMazTXfPLY06LamZejH9g/s640/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Laser cutting the parts for the skylights. The wood is swiss pear. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vf2MV6QuHTA/Vvg5K9PJpzI/AAAAAAAABCU/RK8gLyU1vNAOish7giVFFw6ulVTZO-hOQ/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vf2MV6QuHTA/Vvg5K9PJpzI/AAAAAAAABCU/RK8gLyU1vNAOish7giVFFw6ulVTZO-hOQ/s640/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Parts compared to the plans.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HsdUQjEKxCI/Vvg5LeI_foI/AAAAAAAABCg/zMwZir1rjZkbkztYBPgSrSJ_hepcUiOVg/s1600/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HsdUQjEKxCI/Vvg5LeI_foI/AAAAAAAABCg/zMwZir1rjZkbkztYBPgSrSJ_hepcUiOVg/s640/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed skylights. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MTRtojBjjbs/Vvg5LqXWPJI/AAAAAAAABCs/PZ26wfMXpqQnAcDkpJ6ZXhlXPlRNfWczA/s1600/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MTRtojBjjbs/Vvg5LqXWPJI/AAAAAAAABCs/PZ26wfMXpqQnAcDkpJ6ZXhlXPlRNfWczA/s640/7%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Mini-Crozier stands next to the </span>largest<span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> skylight. The window panes have been <br />sanded on their interior sides to simulate frost.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Ship’s
Wheel</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
1836/1837 and 1839 plans of HMS <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i> show that their wheels were
slightly smaller than those typically used on Royal Navy ships, being more
consistent with those used on merchant vessels of similar size. The <a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/culture/franklin/mission2015/gal-art/gal-art01.aspx#panel1-1">recently recovered portion of Erebus’ wheel</a>, as well as the Le Vesconte daguerreotype, reveal that the wheel itself was relatively plain and was held together by
copper alloy screws or nails. Fine examples of this type of wheel can
be found today on <a href="http://www.redbubble.com/people/kalaryder/works/8655523-hms-unicorn-series-wheel?p=art-print">HMS <i>Unicorn</i></a> and <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wheel_on_HMS_Trincomalee_geograph.org.uk_1605103_ec65923c-by-Ian-Petticrew.jpg">HMS <i>Trincomalee</i></a>. <a href="http://holzernes-herz.deviantart.com/art/Ship-s-wheel-372424774">Trincomalee’s wheel is perhaps closest in design</a>, with distinctive grooved felloes nearly identical to
those on the HMS <i>Erebus</i> wheel found by Parks Canada. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Like most large
Royal Navy vessels, <i>Erebus</i> and <i>Terror</i>’s wheels had ten spokes, each radiating
at 36 degrees from the barrel. Usually, survey vessels ships of this size would
have had an eight spoke wheel; the extra spokes would have substantially
increased the strength of such a small wheel, and perhaps it was deemed
necessary for arctic exploration. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Le
Vesconte daguerreotype indicates that the top of the wheel pedestals were
protected by a very heavy moulded brass guard plate. This can be confirmed by
the subtle reflections seen on the plate in the daguerreotype. HMS <i>Trincomalee</i>
has <a href="http://holzernes-herz.deviantart.com/art/Ship-s-wheel-372424774">similar heavy copper guard plates</a> on its wheel pedestals. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sfzDmD1_ghs/Vvg6V8K6MuI/AAAAAAAABC8/fu25t6Dp7D42Gl8TwR3gibo9SOjZWLroA/s1600/51%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sfzDmD1_ghs/Vvg6V8K6MuI/AAAAAAAABC8/fu25t6Dp7D42Gl8TwR3gibo9SOjZWLroA/s640/51%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Laser cutting the wheel components.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jRgrVqVORa0/Vvg6Wo9xodI/AAAAAAAABDc/ti-vnf1dDsIreuusUE79cnhP3jMQZ-Kng/s1600/59%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jRgrVqVORa0/Vvg6Wo9xodI/AAAAAAAABDc/ti-vnf1dDsIreuusUE79cnhP3jMQZ-Kng/s640/59%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Construction was aided by the use of a jig. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Xdz0P3eAKdY/Vvg6Wxp6TTI/AAAAAAAABDk/LIhCY3yp60s419pkGYXDXMHyiUejtb5Nw/s1600/61%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Xdz0P3eAKdY/Vvg6Wxp6TTI/AAAAAAAABDk/LIhCY3yp60s419pkGYXDXMHyiUejtb5Nw/s640/61%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">The completed wheel; cleanup and sanding is still required. The spokes were shaped by<br />
hand, without the benefit of a lathe. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cxYmnvYJXIo/Vvg6XlpVBwI/AAAAAAAABD0/QOIAPNqSoSIcDIuI-IwKLOEyVu6BsyV6w/s1600/65%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cxYmnvYJXIo/Vvg6XlpVBwI/AAAAAAAABD0/QOIAPNqSoSIcDIuI-IwKLOEyVu6BsyV6w/s640/65%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">The completed pedestals, with the brass guards in place. Limited information<br />
on the pedestal hubs was available, so here they are made as simple brass tubes. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-goDwVz6mBlk/Vvg6XgSEwbI/AAAAAAAABD4/OOQCM5xwbZk-jYbGD8sBeKIUkhTor3EKw/s1600/66%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="530" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-goDwVz6mBlk/Vvg6XgSEwbI/AAAAAAAABD4/OOQCM5xwbZk-jYbGD8sBeKIUkhTor3EKw/s640/66%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">The completed ship's wheel, after applying a coat of Minwax poly. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6oJTVWIWfxU/Vvg6XwcD6sI/AAAAAAAABD8/owWd-rSK0Jgc3GDcDDwbs5Uuh30IoUJvQ/s1600/67%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6oJTVWIWfxU/Vvg6XwcD6sI/AAAAAAAABD8/owWd-rSK0Jgc3GDcDDwbs5Uuh30IoUJvQ/s640/67%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="590" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Another view of the completed wheel. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b style="line-height: 17.12px;">Recreating the Le Vesconte Image</b></span><br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5Pr17YWl-dY/Vvg6YHC8AYI/AAAAAAAABEM/I5bPsHoQy2ACiGXNImCzEj3oT7jQxcsGA/s1600/68%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5Pr17YWl-dY/Vvg6YHC8AYI/AAAAAAAABEM/I5bPsHoQy2ACiGXNImCzEj3oT7jQxcsGA/s640/68%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">The mocked-up components of the Le Vesconte scene. </td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f3ao7JEEXR8/VvhAqyYFMmI/AAAAAAAABEc/iNc5DjU_nGgoH__t-LOdvq45KC-HEOwFQ/s1600/Comparison%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="393" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f3ao7JEEXR8/VvhAqyYFMmI/AAAAAAAABEc/iNc5DjU_nGgoH__t-LOdvq45KC-HEOwFQ/s640/Comparison%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Mini-Le Vesconte sits on Erebus' sacred quarterdeck. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="line-height: 17.12px;">Comparing the two images is rather satisfying. While it appears that the pedestal on the model wheel is larger than the wheel on </span><i style="line-height: 17.12px;">Erebus</i><span style="line-height: 17.12px;">, I believe this is a matter of perspective and differences between camera lenses, as the dimensions of the wheel barrel are based directly on the plans. It's also possible that Mini-Le Vesconte is placed too close to the mast in my reconstruction. However, it appears that I may have misjudged the size of the panes of glass in the skylights on my model which are somewhat taller on the daguerreotype. I’m okay with that small difference.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier stands at his post on <i>Terror</i>'s quarterdeck. </td></tr>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-28188522784714363652016-03-03T17:23:00.000-08:002016-03-03T17:23:17.777-08:00BACK FROM HIATUS....Coming very soon on the Building HMS Terror Blog....<br />
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<br />Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-203820409638404082015-10-19T11:33:00.000-07:002015-10-19T14:32:43.684-07:00CAPTAIN PHILLIPS’ PATENT CAPSTAN<div class="MsoNormal">
In the fall of 1825, Sir Edward Parry was court martialed at
Sheerness for the loss of one of his arctic exploration ships, HMS <i>Fury</i>, which he had abandoned at Somerset
Island. He and his officers were easily acquitted, but during the trial
he admitted that things might have been far worse, if not for a new piece of
equipment installed on his ships. He claimed that a new capstan, Captain
Phillips’ Patent, had saved the expedition from at least another year
trapped in ice.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Before the 19th century, capstans were largely direct drive
machinery, meaning that all of the capstan's power came from the men turning
it. However, with the introduction of geared capstans, the power of these
fittings was greatly increased. Inventors
had experimented with these “improved”, or “power”, capstans since the mid-18th
century, but poor manufacture of the gears appears to have hampered their
reliability. (1) <o:p></o:p></div>
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Charles Phillips, then a commander in the Royal Navy,
believed these powerful new capstans had the potential to revolutionize the way
ships were moved using lines and anchors (critical for saving grounded vessels).
In 1817, he submitted a plan to the Admiralty outlining a method for using them,
but without a reliable power capstan, the plan could not be implemented. In
1819, he again returned to the Admiralty, but this time with a patent for his
own improved design (Patent No. 4394). <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=kWxBAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA225&ots=hb_JH9ZXKC&dq=encyclopaedia%20britannica%20capstan%20phillips&pg=PA795#v=onepage&q=encyclopaedia%20britannica%20capstan%20phillips&f=false"><img height="640" src="https://books.google.ca/books?id=kWxBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA795&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0XFq9pVvwVJw-PrCV4prJ97mQDPw&ci=14%2C53%2C963%2C1194&edge=0" width="515"></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=kWxBAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA225&ots=hb_JH9ZXKC&dq=encyclopaedia%20britannica%20capstan%20phillips&pg=PA795#v=onepage&q=encyclopaedia%20britannica%20capstan%20phillips&f=false">An 1854 update of Phillip's 1827 capstan patent. </a></td></tr>
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His patent used planet gearing within an encircling gear
ring to increase the power of the capstan by a factor of three. The gears could
be rapidly engaged or disengaged using four drop pins. With the upper pins
engaged and the lower pins removed, the capstan operated in direct-drive mode.
When the lower pins were engaged and the upper pins were removed, the gear
drive was enabled and the power was increased (and the speed decreased).<br>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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It seems the Admiralty began to adopt the new design, albeit
in a limited manner, after 1819. Phillips was given a command as a result of
his invention, and he continued to command vessels while filing new patents for
nautical inventions. (1) John Richardson named an island after Phillips in 1826
and in 1829 he was nominated a Fellow of Royal Society, both largely on the
popularity of his improved capstan. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Seeing the potential for using them in ice conditions, Sir
Edward Parry installed Phillips’ Capstans on both <i>Hecla</i> and <i>Fury</i> for his third
voyage to the Arctic in 1824. He gave
the highest praise to the devices, which he used to literally haul the ships
through the ice. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Parry wrote: <o:p></o:p></div>
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“The strain we constantly had occasion to heave on the
hawsers, as springs to force the ships through the ice, was such as, perhaps,
no ships ever before attempted; and by means of Phillips's invaluable capstan
we often separated floes of such magnitude as must otherwise have baffled every
effort.” (2)<o:p></o:p></div>
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He continued, in a footnote: <o:p></o:p></div>
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“I cannot omit this opportunity of expressing my admiration
of this ingenious contrivance in every trial to which we put it in the course
of this voyage.” (3)<o:p></o:p></div>
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It seems Parry’s endorsement carried great weight with “…the
Lords of the Admiralty, who, with a laudable zeal for the service, gave
instructions that all the vessels of his Majesty's navy are in future to be
fitted out Capt. Phillips's new capstans.” (4) It is no surprise then that Phillips’
Capstans were installed in <i>Terror</i> and
<i>Erebus</i> in 1839 for Ross’ Antarctic
voyage. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The 1839 profile of <i>Terror</i>
and <i>Erebus</i> clearly shows a Phillips
style capstan installed on the upper deck, and the 1848 profile of HMS
Investigator provides a virtually identical illustration. Unfortunately, the
draughts are missing many crucial details, and therefore I was forced to conduct
further research to create accurate plans. Like nearly every part of my HMS <i>Terror</i> project, this proved to be far
more difficult that I originally assumed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Because of the popularity of Phillips’ design, myriad
updated versions of these capstans were constructed over the years. Besides the
original patent drawings, several plans for different versions can be found in
the historic literature. Additionally, several demonstration models have
survived in museums, all with slightly different designs. Finally, a Phillips designed capstan still exists on HMS <i>Unicorn</i> (1824), and it is also slightly
different from the contemporary models and plans. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=98pCAQAAMAAJ&dq=Useful%20knowledge%20phillips%20capstan&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q=Useful%20knowledge%20phillips%20capstan&f=false"><img height="400" src="https://books.google.ca/books?id=98pCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA203&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U17NlIPqABu05BQQGwm0V82u4I78Q&ci=29%2C90%2C425%2C463&edge=0" width="366"></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=98pCAQAAMAAJ&dq=Useful%20knowledge%20phillips%20capstan&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q=Useful%20knowledge%20phillips%20capstan&f=false">A merchant vessel version of Phillips' capstan, dated to 1837. This<br>configuration was very similar to that used on HMS <i>Terror</i>. </a></td></tr>
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I started my reconstruction with an assumption that the basic profile, shape, and features of the capstan were accurately depicted on the 1839 profile plans (their consistency with the Investigator plans, as well as their overall accuracy, provides good support for this). Using the 1839 drawings as a base, I determined to add details from sources dated as closely as possible to 1839.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A primary source of information comes from the 1854 Encyclopaedia Britannica (5), which contains a detailed plan of a two-capstan (upper and lower deck) version of Phillips’ 1827 patent (No. 5505), specifically for Royal Navy ships. The plan differs little from Phillips’ original 1827 patent, though it shows a gear mechanism placed below the pall rim and a less robust gear plate, both common traits in later designs. Fortunately, an 1837 plan of a single capstan for a merchant vessel (recall that <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i> were based on merchant designs) exists (6), and I drew crucial information from this plan. It accords very well with the 1854 and 1827 plans, although the gear mechanism and other details would not fit the plank and beam arrangement shown on the 1839 <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i> plans. The notes accompanying the plan indicate that Royal Navy models were slightly different than this plan, and hence I believe the 1854 plans, which are consistent with the planking arrangement on <i>Terror</i>, are likely to be most representative of the overall gear design.</div>
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Further valuable information about the gear design and gear
plate design, as well as information on the pawl configuration and rim, comes from
contemporary models. A beautiful 1827 model single capstan exists in the <a href="http://collectionsonline.nmsi.ac.uk/detail.php?type=related&kv=39580&t=objects">Science
Museum collection</a>. Two additional models of the 1819 versions of Phillips’
capstan can be found in the <a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search?v=&s=&q=Phillips%20capstan&ii=0&p=1">Rijksmuseum</a>
in Amsterdam.<br>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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The capstan on HMS <i>Unicorn</i> has been heavily modified (<a href="http://www.redbubble.com/people/kalaryder/works/8667397-hms-unicorn-series-capstan">the
upper even has table lamps built into it</a>), but it provided valuable
construction information, especially on the appearance and construction of the
barrel and whelps on the upper capstan, and the gears and gear plates on the
lower capstan. Believing that additional robustness would have been necessary,
I added full thickness chocks on the upper part of the capstan to my plans and
model, matching those on HMS <i>Unicorn</i>’s upper capstan. This is the only detail
of my plan not consistent with the 1839 <i>Erebus</i>
and <i>Terror</i> sheets. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dliWBxRSwbc/ViUaxPzdA4I/AAAAAAAAA8M/Sjvcu5S324U/s1600/Phillips%2BCapstan%2BBlog%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dliWBxRSwbc/ViUaxPzdA4I/AAAAAAAAA8M/Sjvcu5S324U/s640/Phillips%2BCapstan%2BBlog%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="400"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">An 1839 era Phillips capstan, as I believe it may have been </span><br style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">configured for use on HMS Erebus and Terror.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<br>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Constructing the model of <i>Terror</i>’s capstan began by transforming my technical drawings into
construction plans. Given how intricate the resulting construction plans were,
I decided to begin construction by using a laser cutter at my local library.<br>
<br>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v9nJYtILMh0/ViUa8Lm5BvI/AAAAAAAAA8U/CoJNqQJR2uo/s1600/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v9nJYtILMh0/ViUa8Lm5BvI/AAAAAAAAA8U/CoJNqQJR2uo/s640/1%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cutting the capstan components on an Epilogue laser cutter. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K4aoD38Hs9o/ViUbA0FVMyI/AAAAAAAAA9M/1MSwZZE8FP8/s1600/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K4aoD38Hs9o/ViUbA0FVMyI/AAAAAAAAA9M/1MSwZZE8FP8/s640/2%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed pieces. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KiZXc5k44cI/ViUbFB5nqiI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/BwsA9WXA0uU/s1600/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KiZXc5k44cI/ViUbFB5nqiI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/BwsA9WXA0uU/s640/3%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vellum was added to enhance the joints of the capstan. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ysnisETPzT8/ViUbFC0gLTI/AAAAAAAAA-4/0Qz8Mw4Jw8M/s1600/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ysnisETPzT8/ViUbFC0gLTI/AAAAAAAAA-4/0Qz8Mw4Jw8M/s640/4%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The assembled capstan before sanding. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kIGAn-fVD1Q/ViUbFT58cvI/AAAAAAAAA-w/cSiByWBYLqY/s1600/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kIGAn-fVD1Q/ViUbFT58cvI/AAAAAAAAA-w/cSiByWBYLqY/s640/5%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sanded to shape. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-51YTzUUWKMk/ViUbFrW8wJI/AAAAAAAAA-0/86ytbPTKNW8/s1600/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-51YTzUUWKMk/ViUbFrW8wJI/AAAAAAAAA-0/86ytbPTKNW8/s640/6%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drilling the bolt locations. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tc1jhkmjmfI/ViUbF0jEn7I/AAAAAAAAA_A/NRbQ__nyTGE/s1600/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tc1jhkmjmfI/ViUbF0jEn7I/AAAAAAAAA_A/NRbQ__nyTGE/s640/8%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed drumhead. Some Phillips' capstan models <a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objects?q=Phillips+capstan&p=1&ps=12&ii=1#/NG-MC-193,1">show lined sockets</a>, so I added boxwood liners. <br>I admit that it was primarily an aesthetic choice.<br></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iMEtb060LLA/ViUbF0AaHmI/AAAAAAAAA_E/b2_06_i5fl4/s1600/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iMEtb060LLA/ViUbF0AaHmI/AAAAAAAAA_E/b2_06_i5fl4/s640/9%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I cut the drumhead plate from an unused pipe fitting which I flared to the right size. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZtIlksN7e-8/ViUa8L6WbCI/AAAAAAAAA_s/IcQaMsRZx1w/s1600/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZtIlksN7e-8/ViUa8L6WbCI/AAAAAAAAA_s/IcQaMsRZx1w/s640/10%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I filed a lip into the plate by hand. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YKRtlBJgdec/ViUa8JiSfmI/AAAAAAAAA8o/zRId-1C0acg/s1600/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YKRtlBJgdec/ViUa8JiSfmI/AAAAAAAAA8o/zRId-1C0acg/s640/11%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I cut the pawl rim (ring) out of brass plate using a jeweler's coping saw.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oF04OBpSpcA/ViUbEvLw56I/AAAAAAAAA_I/olgJKRdmc8E/s1600/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oF04OBpSpcA/ViUbEvLw56I/AAAAAAAAA_I/olgJKRdmc8E/s640/12%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I filed each stop by hand, after carefully scoring the brass. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BcfxcrOqdHI/ViUa9VfzbVI/AAAAAAAAA_s/yLiLVU6xfSY/s1600/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BcfxcrOqdHI/ViUa9VfzbVI/AAAAAAAAA_s/yLiLVU6xfSY/s640/13%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The pawl rims were each made from pipe fittings flared to the precise diameter. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0NXAjmezG2Y/ViUa9sPGMWI/AAAAAAAAA_s/vlHt-8KIiPk/s1600/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0NXAjmezG2Y/ViUa9sPGMWI/AAAAAAAAA_s/vlHt-8KIiPk/s640/14%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The pawl rim prior to soldering and sanding. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nS418FH50fQ/ViUa-ADk88I/AAAAAAAAA84/Li3qdeon-Qk/s1600/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nS418FH50fQ/ViUa-ADk88I/AAAAAAAAA84/Li3qdeon-Qk/s640/15%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The piece following soldering. I used copper solder for the first time on this piece - despite being very dirty, it worked well. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F0dZC6bwh_E/ViUa-HoQa6I/AAAAAAAAA_s/h3suNkEz9kM/s1600/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F0dZC6bwh_E/ViUa-HoQa6I/AAAAAAAAA_s/h3suNkEz9kM/s640/16%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">To maintain the proper curvature, I cut the pawls from a copper fitting. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zcNjPlWkeaU/ViUa_NnpltI/AAAAAAAAA9I/_11X2YFvWAg/s1600/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zcNjPlWkeaU/ViUa_NnpltI/AAAAAAAAA9I/_11X2YFvWAg/s640/17%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The pawls cut roughly to length. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ic7VbNa0Y1U/ViUa_5WhvrI/AAAAAAAAA_s/gFSgsGgfJZc/s1600/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ic7VbNa0Y1U/ViUa_5WhvrI/AAAAAAAAA_s/gFSgsGgfJZc/s640/18%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bolt holes were drilled before shaping. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uVV-JQdqR1A/ViUbAjlvSQI/AAAAAAAAA9U/ZzyGyNcIvRc/s1600/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uVV-JQdqR1A/ViUbAjlvSQI/AAAAAAAAA9U/ZzyGyNcIvRc/s640/19%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each pawl was filed and shaped by hand. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br><br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HAuHqZL8W6c/ViUbAB9ATuI/AAAAAAAAA_o/MZnf0BhGI7g/s1600/18a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="518" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HAuHqZL8W6c/ViUbAB9ATuI/AAAAAAAAA_o/MZnf0BhGI7g/s640/18a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed pawl rim (ring) and pawls. Two traits unique to Phillips' capstans can <br>be seen here. First, the pawl rim was bolted through each stop, rather <br>than in the spaces. Second, Phillips' capstans had between six and<br>eight pawls, while earlier models typically had four. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UTsoAgUHrpA/ViUbBC0BpQI/AAAAAAAAA9g/1EnvTsrUnY4/s1600/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UTsoAgUHrpA/ViUbBC0BpQI/AAAAAAAAA9g/1EnvTsrUnY4/s640/20%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The pawlhead. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-P4oNDeNKzyQ/ViUbBThvRwI/AAAAAAAAA_g/YlPxek0OeOA/s1600/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-P4oNDeNKzyQ/ViUbBThvRwI/AAAAAAAAA_g/YlPxek0OeOA/s640/21%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed pawlhead with the top plate soldered in place. Contemporary <a href="http://collectionsonline.nmsi.ac.uk/detail.php?type=related&kv=39580&t=objects">models show</a> that the pawlheads on <br>Phillips' capstans were made entirely of iron. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7AI6Q7l4-38/ViUbBgMEFSI/AAAAAAAAA_c/B1JT4tvUNCA/s1600/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7AI6Q7l4-38/ViUbBgMEFSI/AAAAAAAAA_c/B1JT4tvUNCA/s640/22%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dry fitting the metal pieces. The pawls need some thinning here. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mz-9b8PCgiA/ViUbCU1HrWI/AAAAAAAAA90/yyau80RiX3I/s1600/22a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mz-9b8PCgiA/ViUbCU1HrWI/AAAAAAAAA90/yyau80RiX3I/s640/22a%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pieces prior to finishing and assembly. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BomroZ7lCHw/ViUbCub5qyI/AAAAAAAAA94/kKNXCYJHv7Y/s1600/23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BomroZ7lCHw/ViUbCub5qyI/AAAAAAAAA94/kKNXCYJHv7Y/s640/23%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blackening the metal parts. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h2dQGLIhFvw/ViUbC6iiacI/AAAAAAAAA-E/48kJs58UnHs/s1600/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h2dQGLIhFvw/ViUbC6iiacI/AAAAAAAAA-E/48kJs58UnHs/s640/24%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The metal pieces after blackening, buffing, and sealing <br>(I use Krylon matte coat as a sealer). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oW63vN_Qnqo/ViUbD876csI/AAAAAAAAA-I/kBylut64Eg0/s1600/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oW63vN_Qnqo/ViUbD876csI/AAAAAAAAA-I/kBylut64Eg0/s640/25%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed capstan. The wooden pieces have been treated with Minwax wipe-on poly. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KwHyFGm6MlY/ViUbEOYyU6I/AAAAAAAAA_Y/PyknzcAFruw/s1600/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KwHyFGm6MlY/ViUbEOYyU6I/AAAAAAAAA_Y/PyknzcAFruw/s640/26%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the pawl rim and pawls. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ETDfetbaojg/ViUbELtL-eI/AAAAAAAAA_U/CK1DV5Zbj30/s1600/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ETDfetbaojg/ViUbELtL-eI/AAAAAAAAA_U/CK1DV5Zbj30/s640/27%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The drumhead (the drop pins indicate it is in direct-drive mode). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0WHjSCsYTU0/ViUbEvIlE-I/AAAAAAAAA_Q/QF0feUyrPHw/s1600/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0WHjSCsYTU0/ViUbEvIlE-I/AAAAAAAAA_Q/QF0feUyrPHw/s640/28%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the lower drop pins (I couldn't find scale chain small enough to model that feature). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-47LwZCNSae8/ViUbEnnwhJI/AAAAAAAAA_M/FYYD0N8TL6E/s1600/29%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-47LwZCNSae8/ViUbEnnwhJI/AAAAAAAAA_M/FYYD0N8TL6E/s640/29%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier inspects his capstan, recalling his good times with Parry. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, one further Phillips' patent capstan is known to
exist – on the wreck of HMS <i>Erebus</i>.
Parks Canada’s recent <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBaoa__OieM">video
tours</a> show that it is heavily damaged and that it is very obscured by the
growth of marine life. How it compares to my plans and model is impossible to
tell from the video, but hopefully my model isn't too inaccurate. If the historic plans
are any indication, any differences should be quite minor.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>Footnotes:</o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1 Harland, John. 1999 Improved Capstans. Nautical Research
Journal 44(4): 214-220.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2: Parry, Sir William Edward. 1826. Journal of a Third
Voyage for the Discovery of a Northwest Passage- from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, Performed in the Years 1824-25, in His Majesty's Ships <i>Hecla</i> and <i>Fury</i>, Under the Orders of Captain William Edward Parry, R.N.,
F.R.S., and Commander of the Expedition. John Murray, publisher to the Admiralty,
and Board of Longitude. Page: 14.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. (ibid, Page14)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4. The Mirror of
Literary, Amusement, and Instruction. 1825.
Page 451. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1854. Capstan. Pages 128-129,
Plate CXLVI.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
6. American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge,
Volume 3.Nathaniel Hawthorne, Elizabeth Manning Hawthorne, Boston Berwick
Company, 1837. Page 203.<br>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-58572635035476442332015-09-08T11:41:00.001-07:002015-09-08T12:10:56.221-07:00BUILDING A BOARD<div class="MsoNormal">
I build very slowly. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This has a lot to do with the dual nature of
my HMS Terror project, which aims to create both an accurate model and a complete
set of 1845 era plans. The latter has consumed hundreds of hours of my spare
time and has led to some interesting side projects. It’s necessary and
rewarding work, but it keeps me out of my workshop. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another reason I build so slowly is that I enjoy the <i>process </i>of building; figuring out the
steps and making the templates and jigs to build accurately. My most recent sub-project
was constructing a “building board,” essential for accurately aligning the
bulkheads with the false keel of my model. The board needs to keep the false
keel perfectly straight and perpendicular, while providing a flat surface for gluing
the bulkheads at right angles to the keel. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I started the board by cutting a 1/4“ groove into a 32" long
piece of MDF sheet. The groove is just slightly deeper than the false keel on
the model, providing a full view of the rabbet, and fits tightly so that the
keel remains perfectly straight. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pULEvJN0WE4/Ve8b7OjdFiI/AAAAAAAAA3M/du0AvyImf3A/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pULEvJN0WE4/Ve8b7OjdFiI/AAAAAAAAA3M/du0AvyImf3A/s640/1.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marking the groove on the MDF sheet. The board is 12" x 32 ". </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X8afRbKNIxs/Ve8b9zzliwI/AAAAAAAAA4A/Cv53A2QfD_s/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X8afRbKNIxs/Ve8b9zzliwI/AAAAAAAAA4A/Cv53A2QfD_s/s640/2.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I cut the groove into the board with a table saw. MDF is brittle, so care is needed at this stage. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The stern and stem of the model also needed to be kept perpendicular
to the board. To achieve this, I designed two supports, one for the stern and
one for the stem, which would slot into the building board groove. I used a laser cutter to make these from 1/4”
MDF sheet; they fit together somewhat like a piece of Ikea furniture.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6lShq9-Ua8g/Ve8b_udUuHI/AAAAAAAAA5c/P1eCXOAzEZY/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6lShq9-Ua8g/Ve8b_udUuHI/AAAAAAAAA5c/P1eCXOAzEZY/s640/3.jpg" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My custom plans for the stem and stern supports. The idea for the interlocking pieces came from children's toys. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BX_SAXO8YbM/Ve8b_eQbnvI/AAAAAAAAA44/rZkEfdqqo7I/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BX_SAXO8YbM/Ve8b_eQbnvI/AAAAAAAAA44/rZkEfdqqo7I/s640/4.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cutting the pieces from 1/4 " MDF. My local library provides a 60 watt laser cutter for public use. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sR0smqxcetc/Ve8cAHnhhcI/AAAAAAAAA5U/nQHmiLWECiU/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sR0smqxcetc/Ve8cAHnhhcI/AAAAAAAAA5U/nQHmiLWECiU/s640/5.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The pieces after cutting. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x9rh5GVepAc/Ve8cATl5KUI/AAAAAAAAA5E/G8rL9w5takk/s1600/6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x9rh5GVepAc/Ve8cATl5KUI/AAAAAAAAA5E/G8rL9w5takk/s640/6.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The finished supports (stem on left, stern on right). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UCjIjvdj_uE/Ve8cAj8R1uI/AAAAAAAAA5Q/Gj0QpGtnzJ4/s1600/7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UCjIjvdj_uE/Ve8cAj8R1uI/AAAAAAAAA5Q/Gj0QpGtnzJ4/s640/7.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">It's hard to see, but the support has a rail designed to fit into the groove for proper alignment. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7d3iCpWfZIw/Ve8fXufBb7I/AAAAAAAAA58/2FdEp7TnXVQ/s1600/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7d3iCpWfZIw/Ve8fXufBb7I/AAAAAAAAA58/2FdEp7TnXVQ/s640/10.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The supports were glued into place, and their alignment was double-checked with a square. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VKOECzP6egs/Ve8faSKMo9I/AAAAAAAAA7I/oudtXoBti0Y/s1600/8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VKOECzP6egs/Ve8faSKMo9I/AAAAAAAAA7I/oudtXoBti0Y/s640/8.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I lined the groove with painter's masking tape to prevent damage to the model's keel. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZF1Qogkuayc/Ve8fa2eWQzI/AAAAAAAAA7U/rNh7cUh4ePM/s1600/9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZF1Qogkuayc/Ve8fa2eWQzI/AAAAAAAAA7U/rNh7cUh4ePM/s640/9.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I lined the supports with masking tape as well. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8tR-xM2WTXo/Ve8fXVnbShI/AAAAAAAAA6E/Iu4pzk3WR7Q/s1600/11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8tR-xM2WTXo/Ve8fXVnbShI/AAAAAAAAA6E/Iu4pzk3WR7Q/s640/11.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The finished building board. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zro5Z86ovtU/Ve8fXteXLvI/AAAAAAAAA6I/xqTI2n8Rk1s/s1600/12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zro5Z86ovtU/Ve8fXteXLvI/AAAAAAAAA6I/xqTI2n8Rk1s/s640/12.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Instead of using set screws, which might damage the model, I used rubber bands to secure the model in place. In practice <br>
the fit was tight enough that rubber bands weren't really necessary. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d7ulQWriRqI/Ve8fXxc6JtI/AAAAAAAAA6U/3s2A0dm7r_Q/s1600/13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-d7ulQWriRqI/Ve8fXxc6JtI/AAAAAAAAA6U/3s2A0dm7r_Q/s640/13.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bulkheads fit tightly and relatively squarely, but it was necessary to use a carpenter's square to <br>
ensure that they were at perfect right angles to the keel. These stainless steel squares from Lee Valley <br>
were perfect for the task. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_xPcW7UEA2I/Ve8fYRbf3II/AAAAAAAAA7g/N1YjbKD3cCQ/s1600/14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_xPcW7UEA2I/Ve8fYRbf3II/AAAAAAAAA7g/N1YjbKD3cCQ/s640/14.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The second-to-last last bulkhead is put in place. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7pF3bjAWJYU/Ve8fYTFUitI/AAAAAAAAA6g/geubggAMnDc/s1600/15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7pF3bjAWJYU/Ve8fYTFUitI/AAAAAAAAA6g/geubggAMnDc/s640/15.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed superstructure. It's hard to see here, but two of the forward stations have <br>
alignment issues at the area of the chock channels and bulwarks and will need to be sanded and/or modified with<br>
trim. I double checked the plans, and the errors, around 1.5 mm off, seem to have crept in from my <br>
original measurements. These errors weren't large enough to force me to re-cut the stations. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LsJ41sz4hq8/Ve8fYuTypbI/AAAAAAAAA6k/4Xss3FpRBbY/s1600/16.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LsJ41sz4hq8/Ve8fYuTypbI/AAAAAAAAA6k/4Xss3FpRBbY/s640/16.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I'm quite happy with the alignment (the stern looks slightly twisted here, but it's just a trick caused <br>
by the camera angle). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DeSMU0SnMSk/Ve8fZICwBsI/AAAAAAAAA60/R3A8T-Vr0NY/s1600/17.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DeSMU0SnMSk/Ve8fZICwBsI/AAAAAAAAA60/R3A8T-Vr0NY/s640/17.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Midships bulkheads at the position of the rabbet. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s60rRAuwOkw/Ve8fZVY3E7I/AAAAAAAAA6w/xhJwNCqohiI/s1600/18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s60rRAuwOkw/Ve8fZVY3E7I/AAAAAAAAA6w/xhJwNCqohiI/s640/18.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the bottom of the ship. Again, I'm quite pleased with the alignment <br>
(the stem and stern are still little wobbly and will need some filling blocks). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lNAPHpUvj78/Ve8fZwGhelI/AAAAAAAAA7M/54u1JLzDpRk/s1600/19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lNAPHpUvj78/Ve8fZwGhelI/AAAAAAAAA7M/54u1JLzDpRk/s640/19.JPG" width="640"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozer stands on his deck. It's been a long time. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s82_x6l9rcA/Ve8fZ1DXrcI/AAAAAAAAA68/_i9MbH9kvm8/s1600/20.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s82_x6l9rcA/Ve8fZ1DXrcI/AAAAAAAAA68/_i9MbH9kvm8/s640/20.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier inspects the stern, noting that work is needed on the bearding line. <br>
Though Terror was small by Royal Navy standards, a 102 foot ship was still a <br>
substantial vessel, as this image indicates. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BZFE-J3p0VQ/Ve8faNcStiI/AAAAAAAAA7Q/_RtrTYGuDtI/s1600/21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BZFE-J3p0VQ/Ve8faNcStiI/AAAAAAAAA7Q/_RtrTYGuDtI/s640/21.JPG" width="480"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier stands at the Captain's sacred spot on the quarterdeck. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now that the bulkhead of the model is finally assembled, I
can move towards planking it. A significant amount of fairing (sanding to
ensure the fore and aft edges of the bulkheads match the ships lines) is
necessary, and I hope to finish that shortly. Meanwhile, I've almost completed the "Phillips' Patent Capstan", and I hope to reveal my plans and model here soon. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-12637546837694323202015-08-21T09:47:00.000-07:002015-08-21T10:24:51.345-07:00CREW ACCOMMODATION ON HMS TERROR<div class="MsoNormal">
Inevitably, those interested in the history of
the Franklin Expedition have pondered what it was like to live on the cramped
quarters of HMS <i>Terror</i> and <i>Erebus</i>. As part of my goal to reconstruct lower deck
plans for HMS <i>Terror</i>, I created cross sections and profiles for the <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/09/a-view-from-hms-terrors-lower-deck_76.html">great
cabin</a>, the <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/09/captain-croziers-bed-cabin.html">captain’s</a>
and <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/09/a-view-from-hms-terrors-lower-deck_76.html">officer’s
berths</a>, and the <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2015/03/mr-diggles-galley-stove.html">galley
stove</a>. However, I also created plans for other areas of the lower deck and
I think these better reveal what it was like for the crew aboard <i>Terror
</i>during those long three years from 1845 to 1848. <o:p></o:p></div>
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These plans use information contained in the original Admiralty
draughts for HMS <i>Terror</i> and Erebus, with additional data gleaned from the plans
for HMS<i> Investigator</i>. Further information was sourced from contemporary images
of HMS <i>Warrior</i>, HMS <i>Unicorn</i>, and HMS <i>Trincomalee</i>, as well as several
contemporary accommodation plans and models held at the National Maritime
Museum. <o:p></o:p></div>
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For further orientation, please consult my <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/09/a-view-from-hms-terrors-lower-deck_76.html">plans
of <i>Terror</i>’s lower deck</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vWCyahhK7sY/VddG66BK_eI/AAAAAAAAA2M/HNiuQF2sb6o/s1600/Crew%2BMess%2BPlans%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vWCyahhK7sY/VddG66BK_eI/AAAAAAAAA2M/HNiuQF2sb6o/s640/Crew%2BMess%2BPlans%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="568" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A cross section of the crew mess area. Note the location of the large sail bin on the </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">left of the section </span><span style="font-size: small;">(only half is represented </span><span style="font-size: small;">here). </span><span style="font-size: small;">Instead of benches or stools, </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">the crew sat on their own chests, each </span><span style="font-size: small;">shared by two men. The crew slept where</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">they ate - note the hammock hooks on the deck beam above the table. Each hook was </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">spaced </span><span style="font-size: small;">precisely 14 inches apart. </span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zkG7NyJCSmY/VddUdELj4JI/AAAAAAAAA20/o3p7kNqSskk/s1600/Mess%2BArrangement%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="380" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zkG7NyJCSmY/VddUdELj4JI/AAAAAAAAA20/o3p7kNqSskk/s640/Mess%2BArrangement%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hypothetical arrangement of chests with available mess tables on Terror's starboard side. </span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LfbwWwzTzJQ/VddG77RVuBI/AAAAAAAAA2o/03wDSC8oJZE/s1600/Warrant%2BOfficer%2527s%2BCabin%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LfbwWwzTzJQ/VddG77RVuBI/AAAAAAAAA2o/03wDSC8oJZE/s640/Warrant%2BOfficer%2527s%2BCabin%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Precisely amidships, the warrant officers shared one cramped cabin. It had a very large chest of <br />drawers against the aft wall. </span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gf9k8Z8wxdA/VddG63M-FsI/AAAAAAAAA2c/MvllIYrY5jg/s1600/Clerk%2Band%2BMate%2527s%2BCabins%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="474" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gf9k8Z8wxdA/VddG63M-FsI/AAAAAAAAA2c/MvllIYrY5jg/s640/Clerk%2Band%2BMate%2527s%2BCabins%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The clerk in charge had a rather generous cabin with a sliding window, looking onto the <br />purser's steward. Such an arrangement was common, and presumably discouraged theft. <br />The mates had the smallest cabins on the ship - just large enough to accommodate the <br />standard furniture given to officers. </span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VZBgLKH1S5U/VddG69K71GI/AAAAAAAAA2k/OZfDMToilRM/s1600/Lower%2BDeck%2BStorerooms%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="498" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VZBgLKH1S5U/VddG69K71GI/AAAAAAAAA2k/OZfDMToilRM/s640/Lower%2BDeck%2BStorerooms%2B%2528Medium%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Despite limited space, there were three storerooms on <i>Terror'</i>s lower deck. The purser's steward<br />was located next to the clerk in charge's cabin, where he could keep a watchful eye on it. <br />It contained several bins and a chest of drawers. The captain steward and the gunroom <br />steward were outfitted identically and were located on opposite sides of the ship. <br />Each had a storage tank for liquids as well as chests of drawers. </span></td></tr>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-45550244625980667842015-07-22T16:26:00.001-07:002015-07-23T02:44:52.927-07:00CANADA POST’S NEW EREBUS STAMP<div class="MsoNormal">
Several months ago I mentioned on my blog that I was working
on several side projects related to HMS <i>Terror</i>. Today, Canada Post unveiled a series of new stamps commemorating the Franklin Expedition and the 2014
discovery of HMS <i>Erebus</i>. The stamps include a<a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/shop/new/the-franklin-expedition/p-413987111.jsf?execution=e1s1"> permanent se-tenant</a> issue and an
<a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/shop/new/the-franklin-expedition/p-403988145.jsf?execution=e1s1">international-rate stamp</a>, and I was fortunate enough to have been asked to
contribute an historically accurate plan to their design of the international stamp. I also provided comments and feedback
on the ship depicted in the se-tenant stamp. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/web/en/blogs/announcements/details.page?article=2015/07/22/sir_john_franklins_f&cattype=announcements&cat=newsreleases"><img border="0" height="328" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d3BvgOkD6vM/VbAfRpmanWI/AAAAAAAAA1w/Q4Iz5Ajc3Hw/s640/franklin-expedition-international-stamp.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/web/en/blogs/announcements/details.page?article=2015/07/22/sir_john_franklins_f&cattype=announcements&cat=newsreleases">The international-rate stamp showing the sonar image combined with <br />the upper deck plans. Image courtesy of Canada Post, used with permission. </a></td></tr>
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The international-rate stamp combines a modern sonar image with an upper deck plan of HMS <i>Erebus</i> that I created. The complete upper deck plan is featured on
an <a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/shop/new/the-franklin-expedition/p-403988149.jsf?execution=e1s1">uncut press sheet</a> and I also produced a cross-section of <i>Erebus </i>that will be included in packaging materials. The deck plan shows HMS <i>Erebus</i> in her 1845
configuration, which no contemporary plan depicts. This new plan is based on ones I
created for HMS <i>Terror</i>, which I carefully modified to accurately match the
dimensions, fittings, and features of HMS <i>Erebus</i>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/web/en/blogs/announcements/details.page?article=2015/07/22/sir_john_franklins_f&cattype=announcements&cat=newsreleases"><img border="0" height="408" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C7MB9JMrVGU/VbAfR-vtUCI/AAAAAAAAA18/ubrGESS2iqs/s640/franklin-expedition-domestic-stamps.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/web/en/blogs/announcements/details.page?article=2015/07/22/sir_john_franklins_f&cattype=announcements&cat=newsreleases">The permanent se-tenant showing Erebus trapped in ice. Image <br />courtesy of Canada Post, used with permission. </a></td></tr>
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When I started creating plans of Franklin’s ships, I never
expected that they would be seen by anyone but hobbyists and Franklin
enthusiasts. I couldn’t have guessed that they might be used in a project such
as this – especially juxtaposed with a real image of HMS <i>Erebus</i>. I was shocked
at how accurately the plans matched the sonar image, which exposes much about
the technology used on the search and the accuracy of the historical source
materials relating to <i>Erebus</i>.</div>
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It was a thrill to work with the talented designers and professionals
from Canada Post, and I’m very pleased with the result. These stamps <a href="https://www.canadapost.ca/shop/new/the-franklin-expedition.jsf">are a must-have</a> for collectors interested in the Franklin mystery and the discovery
of HMS <i>Erebus</i>.</div>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com162tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-61353590432907856702015-06-29T15:10:00.004-07:002015-07-22T16:44:13.474-07:00BUILDING HMS TERROR GIVEAWAY!<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fJcfMLHSOc0/VZG_i_BMxeI/AAAAAAAAA1Y/LgkuTU0kXQ4/s1600/IMG_2300%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fJcfMLHSOc0/VZG_i_BMxeI/AAAAAAAAA1Y/LgkuTU0kXQ4/s640/IMG_2300%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Like HMS Terror? Like coffee or tea? This mug could be yours!</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Today is the 202nd anniversary of <i>Terror’s</i> launch in
Topsham, Devon, in 1813.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To celebrate, I’m giving away five coffee mugs printed with
an accurate plan of <i>Terror’s </i>outboard profile, as she was fitted in 1845. I
designed the plan and the mugs specifically for <i>Terror’s </i>birthday, and the
giveaway is my way of thanking my readers for their comments, insight, and
support. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Please note that I will not be selling the mugs; you will
only be able to get one through the giveaway. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To enter, all you have to do is “share” one of my blog
posts on public social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, your
personal blog, etc.), and <a href="mailto:hmserebusandterror@gmail.com">provide proof to me</a> that you’ve done so. And I’ve
made it easy to share – simply click on your favorite post, and then go to the
“Share it” section on the right side of the page. The five individuals with the
most shares will each win a mug. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y9IY17IaRjo/VZG_iy7FmiI/AAAAAAAAA1c/xa1q-zEB3D0/s1600/IMG_2308%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y9IY17IaRjo/VZG_iy7FmiI/AAAAAAAAA1c/xa1q-zEB3D0/s640/IMG_2308%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">The plan used on the mug is similar to that shown in <br />last year’s </span><a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/11/building-hms-terror-in-canadian.html" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Canadian Geographic Magazine</a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">.</span></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dJCMpMfShkY/VZG_i4uBFHI/AAAAAAAAA1M/pUz81fikZVg/s1600/IMG_2310%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dJCMpMfShkY/VZG_i4uBFHI/AAAAAAAAA1M/pUz81fikZVg/s640/IMG_2310%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">The HMS Terror mug is Mini-Crozier approved!</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Giveaway Details:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The giveaway item is one mug printed with an outboard
profile plan of HMS <i>Terror</i>, as she was fitted in 1845. Only five mugs are
available. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To enter, please “share” one of my blog posts on public
social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, blogs, forums, etc.). Paste
evidence that you’ve shared (a link or screen capture) into an email and <a href="mailto:hmserebusandterror@gmail.com">send it to me directly</a>. Each time you share a post, you’ll receive one entry to the
giveaway<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Shares” must be posted to public social media accounts (no
private groups or websites, please). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The giveaway will run from June 29th, 2015 to July 13th,
2015. The five individuals who have the most “shares’ during this period will each
receive a mug. In the case of a tie, winners will be selected randomly. Those
receiving a mug will be notified on July 14th, 2015. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mugs will be shipped on the week of July 20th by regular parcel
post, to any address provided by the winner(s). Unfortunately, I cannot
guarantee safe delivery of the mug; however, they will be thoroughly packaged,
in a custom protective sleeve and box. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Best of luck, and I look forward to sending you a mug! If
you are looking for content to share, why not try <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2015/06/pulling-rabbet-from-terrors-hat.html">my most recent post</a>? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Happy birthday to HMS <i>Terror</i>, and sincere thanks to everyone interested in her!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-58068702106591513112015-06-29T15:09:00.001-07:002015-06-29T15:09:35.332-07:00PULLING A RABBET FROM TERROR’S HAT <div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Last month, I finished the most angst-ridden part of my
project to date - cutting two seemingly miniscule 1.5 mm wide grooves along the
length of the keel and stem of my model. These v-shaped notches, known as rabbets,
provide a seat for the edges of the hull planking where they meet the
centreline timbers of the ship. On a plank and bulkhead model, it represents a critical
reference point around which the hull architecture is based. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My trepidation was rooted in the fact that the rabbet position
isn’t shown in <i>Terror’s</i> 1836 draughts [1] (the 1839 draughts [2] only show the
rabbet position for <i>Erebus</i>). Normally this wouldn’t be an issue, as <i>Terror’s
</i>1812 [3] profile plan clearly shows the position of the rabbet. However, the
1836 plans show that <i>Terror’s</i> bow, and in particular her upper deck and
bulwarks, were extended forward approximately 12.5 inches (why this was
necessary is still a mystery to me). This implied that her rabbet position must
have been moved forward as well, to accommodate a smooth run of planking along
the bow. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BdbufVo63y8/VZG55LP1SpI/AAAAAAAAA0c/Vas1vy-kA8Y/s1600/IMG_2290%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BdbufVo63y8/VZG55LP1SpI/AAAAAAAAA0c/Vas1vy-kA8Y/s640/IMG_2290%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">The rabbet carved into the model’s keel. Like the merchant ships which were the basis for </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: small;">design, the 1812 draught shows the rabbet was taken out of the centre of the keel </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: small;">(incidentally, this position probably contributed to her poor sailing qualities).</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I had originally assumed that </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> cant frames, hawse
pieces, and bollard timbers may have been modified to accommodate this
lengthening of the deck. This wasn’t an unwarranted assumption, because </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
1836 profile plan shows that </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> upper stem piece was extensively
remodeled, suggesting a significant refit of the bow timbers.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">However, after further consideration, I’ve come to the
conclusion that such extensive modifications were very unlikely. We know
that <i>Terror’s</i> original top-timbers and bulwarks were entirely levelled when she
was caught in a hurricane near Lisbon in 1828 [4]. This means that replacement
bulwark stanchions needed to be installed when the ship was repaired. The upper
deck may have been expanded at this time, but I suspect this occurred in the
1836 refit as the solid chock channels provided an opportunity (and platform)
to most effectively hide this shift forward. In either case, because her
bulwarks had been levelled, the modifications could have been made without
extensive reworking of the bow timbers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Therefore, my solution is to leave the rabbet position
precisely as shown in <i>Terror’s</i> original 1812 draughts and to rely on modified
bulwark stanchions to account for the lengthened deck. This permits me to move
forward with the project with the least amount of conjecture, because the only
speculation I need to make is about the construction of the most forward
bulwark stanchions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z-yxYUU7NBo/VZG55FS7gII/AAAAAAAAA0g/VsvVUry6KkM/s1600/IMG_2294%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z-yxYUU7NBo/VZG55FS7gII/AAAAAAAAA0g/VsvVUry6KkM/s640/IMG_2294%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The port stem rabbet .</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6dAjZvtSpC0/VZG56GQHKqI/AAAAAAAAA0w/s52MtdJNUrw/s1600/IMG_2299%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6dAjZvtSpC0/VZG56GQHKqI/AAAAAAAAA0w/s52MtdJNUrw/s640/IMG_2299%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Another view of the rabbet - note how it "opens" slightly closer to the heel of <br />the stempost. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cgbL16Er3HQ/VZG55rP5qlI/AAAAAAAAA08/K0MQ3lKpnsA/s1600/IMG_2297%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cgbL16Er3HQ/VZG55rP5qlI/AAAAAAAAA08/K0MQ3lKpnsA/s640/IMG_2297%2B%2528Medium%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">A dummy section of planking dry-fitted into the rabbet, showing how it interacts<br /> with one of the station bulkheads. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Settling on a final position of the rabbet allows me to
finally assemble the bulkheads and begin planking the model. This decision also
permitted me to finally draft a plan of </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> complete bow architecture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_eCV3E7ihC0/VZG55SWrsLI/AAAAAAAAA00/0y0SAzyry9I/s1600/Bow%2Bstrengthening%2Bprofile%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="586" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_eCV3E7ihC0/VZG55SWrsLI/AAAAAAAAA00/0y0SAzyry9I/s640/Bow%2Bstrengthening%2Bprofile%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Profile of the </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"> bow architecture, showing the manner the bow was <br />strengthened for polar exploration service. To accommodate the <br />lengthening of the deck, I added a conjectural 12 inch chock fayed to <br />the fore edge of the bollard timbers and cant frames, against which <br />the bulwark stanchions would have been bolted.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6QzSLZW9Elk/VZG56pBSwaI/AAAAAAAAA04/QiMsvghpJeQ/s1600/Lower%2BDeck%2BBow%2BStrengthening%2B%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="486" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6QzSLZW9Elk/VZG56pBSwaI/AAAAAAAAA04/QiMsvghpJeQ/s640/Lower%2BDeck%2BBow%2BStrengthening%2B%2B%2528Small%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Plan of </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.1200008392334px; text-align: start;"> lower deck, detailing the layers of planking and <br />metal sheathing added to the ship</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The plans expose the effort the Admiralty placed on
strengthening the ship’s bow at the waterline. More than 55 inches (4.5 feet) of
iron reinforced oak separated the stores on </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror’s</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> orlop deck from the water.
Near the foremast step, that distance multiplied to nearly 12 linear feet.
James Clark Ross [5] tested these reinforcements in a most daring fashion during
his Antarctic Expedition. By January 5th, 1841, Ross had spotted what he
thought was open water south of the Ross Sea but found his way to it blocked by
a ring of thick pack ice. Confident in his ships, he sailed along the barrier
until he saw a “favourable point” and, under sail, rammed the </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Erebus</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> and </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Terror</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
into it for an hour, eventually fracturing the ice and punching his way
through. He discovered the Ross Ice Shelf six days later. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Footnotes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1] National Maritime Museum Object ID: ZAZ5672,
ZAZ5663<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2] National Maritime Museum Object ID: ZAZ5673<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3] National Maritime Museum Object ID: ZAZ5615<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4] 1835. Narrative of the Wreck of H.M.S. Terror. United
Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine 1. Pages 229-236.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5] Ross, Sir James Clark. 1847a. A Voyage of Discovery and
Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839-1843:
Volume I. John Murray, London. Page 176.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-40756298801051647352015-05-03T12:10:00.000-07:002015-05-03T12:46:55.238-07:00LASER CUTTING TERROR’S BULKHEADS<div class="MsoNormal">
I have arrived at the stage of my build where I am
assembling the bulkheads that will give shape to the ship’s hull. <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2013/11/station-update.html">I have already
created bulkheads</a> for this model using the traditional method – gluing the
plans to plywood and cutting them out using a scroll saw. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xPbcvECJbas/VUZo_j7yXXI/AAAAAAAAAx8/hGAhVObUkmg/s1600/0%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xPbcvECJbas/VUZo_j7yXXI/AAAAAAAAAx8/hGAhVObUkmg/s1600/0%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The old bulkheads - cut using a scroll saw (prior to sanding). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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However, I recently
decided to change the way I will construct the bow of the model. I had originally
modified the forward stations to account for the extra bolsters and planking at
the bow, but I've recently decided to try to build these fittings (as a means
to determine how <a href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=1LkUAAAAQAAJ&dq=A%20Voyage%20of%20Discovery%20and%20Research%20in%20the%20Southern%20and%20Antarctic%20Regions%2C%20During%20the%20Years%201839-1843%20volume%201&pg=PA327&ci=84%2C954%2C718%2C207&source=bookclip">Rice
actually reinforced Terror against</a> the ice). This necessitated rebuilding the
two most forward station bulkheads. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And this gave me an excuse for a whole new mini-project. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Following a current trend, my local public library recently
opened a prototyping studio, which includes design software, 3D printers, and
an <a href="https://www.epiloglaser.com/products/legend-laser-series.htm">Epilogue
Mini 24 Laser Cutter</a>. The library allows you to book the equipment for
several hours each month - for free. I've wanted to experiment with a laser cutter
for some time, and since I needed to make new bulkheads anyway, I decided to
recut all of them. My hope was that it would result in a more accurate build. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xAdhHDxRfh4/VUZo_taKljI/AAAAAAAAAx0/79F2vv3o8Ts/s1600/1%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xAdhHDxRfh4/VUZo_taKljI/AAAAAAAAAx0/79F2vv3o8Ts/s1600/1%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Epilogue Mini 24 Laser Cutter. The bed capacity is 12" x 24". </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The cutter works very much like a traditional printer and
will engrave (raster) or cut (vector) based on the thickness of the lines shown
in the image file (I used high resolution PDFs for this). My first attempt, using factory recommended settings, was
somewhat of a disaster, resulting in charred and smoldering wood and unusable
pieces (plywood is notoriously difficult to cut because of its inconsistent composition).
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ibxztsrGtgY/VUZpA2hAg3I/AAAAAAAAAyI/wyYENjOhS-0/s1600/1a%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ibxztsrGtgY/VUZpA2hAg3I/AAAAAAAAAyI/wyYENjOhS-0/s1600/1a%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My first disastrous attempt. Note the burned and charred edges.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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For my second attempt, I conducted some tests and determined
the proper power settings needed to cut 5mm plywood with the thinnest, most
accurate, cuts and a minimum of charring and burning [1]. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PqZKNLvTORc/VUZpBWmc8FI/AAAAAAAAAyQ/yFZsmgACRf4/s1600/2%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PqZKNLvTORc/VUZpBWmc8FI/AAAAAAAAAyQ/yFZsmgACRf4/s1600/2%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As a test, I cut a series of discs with different power settings. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IDBqftRPGkU/VUZqw5a5jmI/AAAAAAAAAzw/6EQrvxnouZI/s1600/IMG_4009%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IDBqftRPGkU/VUZqw5a5jmI/AAAAAAAAAzw/6EQrvxnouZI/s1600/IMG_4009%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The appearance of the cut edge with the proper settings (no charring). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hFnlF5kwDUI/VUZpBhql-EI/AAAAAAAAAyY/RxHibwXmyrM/s1600/3%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hFnlF5kwDUI/VUZpBhql-EI/AAAAAAAAAyY/RxHibwXmyrM/s1600/3%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I engraved the station markings on each bulkhead. The machine automatically engraves before cutting.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VNbuqx5F8lY/VUZpBzusrWI/AAAAAAAAAyc/4zsPqNN1L54/s1600/4%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VNbuqx5F8lY/VUZpBzusrWI/AAAAAAAAAyc/4zsPqNN1L54/s1600/4%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bulkheads being cut. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RMzjm0g3Xc4/VUZpCMaAnbI/AAAAAAAAAyk/AHN8NdpUcNs/s1600/5%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RMzjm0g3Xc4/VUZpCMaAnbI/AAAAAAAAAyk/AHN8NdpUcNs/s1600/5%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You can tell the cut was successful if the part drops away from the sheet. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UroAvih3Ago/VUZpCdm8puI/AAAAAAAAAyo/otP5pW-C7n0/s1600/6%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UroAvih3Ago/VUZpCdm8puI/AAAAAAAAAyo/otP5pW-C7n0/s1600/6%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A finished sheet. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4b_7KcedcGU/VUZpChWPenI/AAAAAAAAAys/pe7PmWuhl1c/s1600/7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4b_7KcedcGU/VUZpChWPenI/AAAAAAAAAys/pe7PmWuhl1c/s1600/7.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each bulkhead fits into slots on the false keel. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aJ6bdloSLpo/VUZpC8xXu2I/AAAAAAAAAy0/gd7V5mibotg/s1600/8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aJ6bdloSLpo/VUZpC8xXu2I/AAAAAAAAAy0/gd7V5mibotg/s1600/8.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bulkheads slide snugly into place. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aMA3UmQOl0Y/VUZpDJLVxGI/AAAAAAAAAy8/hWB28MxhMX8/s1600/9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aMA3UmQOl0Y/VUZpDJLVxGI/AAAAAAAAAy8/hWB28MxhMX8/s1600/9.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Test assembly proceeds. This is just a dry -fit. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sI8L0Iq-Z7A/VUZo_m-iAoI/AAAAAAAAAx4/v_R-fFf-99I/s1600/10%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sI8L0Iq-Z7A/VUZo_m-iAoI/AAAAAAAAAx4/v_R-fFf-99I/s1600/10%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bulkheads dry-fitted in place. They need to be properly aligned, but I'm happy with the run already. <br />
Mini-Crozier allows us to visualize how large Terror actually was (quite small for a Royal Navy vessel). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uEcpS7uQJKM/VUZpACLPVPI/AAAAAAAAAyA/azK9SMzJ9js/s1600/11%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uEcpS7uQJKM/VUZpACLPVPI/AAAAAAAAAyA/azK9SMzJ9js/s1600/11%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the bow.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vKocCBEIUwo/VUZpAQb6NEI/AAAAAAAAAzc/b75HD2NOlKI/s1600/12%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vKocCBEIUwo/VUZpAQb6NEI/AAAAAAAAAzc/b75HD2NOlKI/s1600/12%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This view shows the run of the ice channels very nicely. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e70EvLUT-MI/VUZpAS1sPTI/AAAAAAAAAyE/bnfNEtMOrdk/s1600/13%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e70EvLUT-MI/VUZpAS1sPTI/AAAAAAAAAyE/bnfNEtMOrdk/s1600/13%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A top-side view from the stern. The bulkheads are just dry-fitted here and will need to be <br />
aligned properly before gluing. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I am very pleased with my experience using the laser cutter.
The bulkheads are much more accurate than I could have produced by hand, and
the process took about a tenth of the time normally required to cut and sand
these parts. I will certainly be using it again when I need to cut more
complex shapes and components for my build. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Footnotes:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[1] For those interested, low speed, power, and PPI settings
are a must, and the recommended wood settings for the Epilogue Laser will not work
on plywood. Your goal should be a setting that will just barely cut completely through the
wood, as this results in the thinnest cuts and edges that are browned, but not
charred. My settings for good quality 5mm birch plywood were: Speed = 10, Power
= 38, and PPI(Frequency) = 150.<o:p></o:p></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-68360653113741871222015-04-16T07:13:00.002-07:002015-04-16T07:13:50.386-07:00HELPING TO BUILD A DIFFERENT KIND OF MODEL<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mvzabovK6X4/VS-HhdleStI/AAAAAAAAAu8/KcN4k_nNeIQ/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mvzabovK6X4/VS-HhdleStI/AAAAAAAAAu8/KcN4k_nNeIQ/s1600/1.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Erebus drifts south in the ice, a still from <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships">Franklin's Lost Ships</a>.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions. <br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Last week, <a href="http://www.liontv.com/London/Home">Lion
Television</a>, in collaboration with <a href="http://www.redlabdigital.com/">90<sup>th</sup>
Parallel Productions</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">,</span> aired a wonderful new
documentary, <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships"><i>Franklin’s Lost Ships</i></a>, on CBC’s The
Nature of Things. The show was <span arial="" mso-bidi-font-family:="">directed by Ben Finney and produced by Andrew Gregg for CBC,
PBS, and Channel 4.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The documentary chronicles the 2014 Victoria Strait Expedition,
culminating in the discovery of HMS Erebus by Parks Canada archaeologists and
their collaborators. The film uses detailed computer graphics, historical
reenactments, and interviews to bring the Franklin mystery into sharp focus -
in ways we have never seen before. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One of the most unique aspects of the documentary is the use
of computer animations to bring Franklin’s ships, HMS Erebus and Terror, to
life. I was fortunate to be asked to consult on the team’s attempt to recreate
the ships and I have been corresponding with the producers since December of
last year. I know that I wasn't the only researcher they consulted on the ships, so
it was definitely a crowdsourced project. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YhVBcdj8T-0/VS-Him1xY_I/AAAAAAAAAvc/QobPsHC9kiU/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YhVBcdj8T-0/VS-Him1xY_I/AAAAAAAAAvc/QobPsHC9kiU/s1600/6.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Erebus and Terror push their way through the ice - a still from <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships">Franklin's Lost Ships</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup></span><span style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Andrew Gregg, a producer for 90<sup>th</sup> Parallel, oversaw
the model construction process, which was undertaken by <a href="http://www.redlabdigital.com/">Redlab Digital</a>, a Toronto-based visual
effects studio. Mike Brown of Lion Television was also heavily involved, and Karen Kershaw led the artists at Redlab. The team’s goal, as
stated to me, was to produce the most historically accurate reconstruction of
the ships possible. My admittedly small role was to provide feedback and
comments on the various drafts of the model build.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I sent Redlab copies of my plans and they consulted historical
data such as paintings, drawings, contemporary ship models, and the original
draughts of the ships. As they constructed the model, the artists would provide
rendered images of different angles of the vessel to Andrew and Mike, who would
then pass them on to me for comment. The process involved many drafts and I
marked-up many images as, polygon by polygon, the ships began to take on a
recognizable shape. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Until late February the ships were untextured grey geometric
models, but I remember smiling broadly when Andrew emailed the first
textured (fully coloured and detailed) render. Here was a complete view of one of
Franklin’s ships, with the <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2013/11/hoisting-terrors-colours.html">correct
colour scheme</a> and all of her unique systems, and I was thrilled to see it. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KAIbNxDp_UU/VS-Hgz9swkI/AAAAAAAAAu4/rJmYqi3GBWE/s1600/2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KAIbNxDp_UU/VS-Hgz9swkI/AAAAAAAAAu4/rJmYqi3GBWE/s1600/2.jpeg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fully textured render created by Redlab, showing a view of the hull of the ship. Note the iron bow plating.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_m9mTC3ojxA/VS-HhBt6ZLI/AAAAAAAAAvM/zjhTS1sGLTo/s1600/3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_m9mTC3ojxA/VS-HhBt6ZLI/AAAAAAAAAvM/zjhTS1sGLTo/s1600/3.jpeg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fully textured render created by Redlab, showing a view of the upper deck. Note the diagonal deck planking.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UWiQkdW8Sm4/VS-HhwGONiI/AAAAAAAAAvE/pzHbcy2zC-g/s1600/4.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UWiQkdW8Sm4/VS-HhwGONiI/AAAAAAAAAvE/pzHbcy2zC-g/s1600/4.jpeg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fully textured render created by Redlab, showing the ship<br />covered in ice and snow.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Of course, readers of my blog know that I could never be fully satisfied with the accuracy of any model, and I worried that I would annoy
Andrew and RedLab with all of my suggestions for changes. However, I learned
quickly that they wanted to include every detail they possibly could, and they made
changes to the models right up the last minute possible before their airdate.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xOwQObi68zo/VS-HiVoe7gI/AAAAAAAAAvU/EyfTb-FWRjA/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xOwQObi68zo/VS-HiVoe7gI/AAAAAAAAAvU/EyfTb-FWRjA/s1600/5.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Erebus and Terror sail again, a still from <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships">Franklin's Lost Ships</a>.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p><br />
Are there errors in the models? Sure there are. But these
are relatively minor given the project and they are primarily because of time constraints. There are issues
with the ice channels, the masts and rigging, and the various esoteric fittings
bolted to the ship. But I suspect there
are only a handful of people on the planet who could point out all of the specific issues
(and most of them are <a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/culture/franklin/franklin2015.aspx">currently diving on the Erebus</a>).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p><br />
I’m convinced that these are the most accurate models of Franklin’s
ships ever committed to film, and I want to thank Andrew and Mike for involving
me in their great project. I’ve spent the better part of two years trying to build
a wooden model of HMS Terror, but I never thought I’d have the opportunity to
see her sail in arctic waters again. Watching Erebus and Terror plough their
way through the ice allows us to better comprehend the astonishing journey of
these remarkable exploration vessels.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
If you read my blog, don't miss <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships">this
wonderful documentary</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-luVVbycobBo/VS-HjFedCdI/AAAAAAAAAvg/LBs2UfsIUkg/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-luVVbycobBo/VS-HjFedCdI/AAAAAAAAAvg/LBs2UfsIUkg/s1600/7.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Erebus takes advantage of her screw propeller. A still from <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/franklins-lost-ships">Franklin's Lost Ships</a>.<br /><span style="text-align: start;">© Lion Television and 90</span><sup style="text-align: start;">th</sup><span style="text-align: start;"> Parallel Productions.<br />Image provided by Andrew Gregg, used with permission.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Acknowledgments: I would like to thank Andrew Gregg and Mike
Brown for allowing me to post renders of the ships and stills from the documentary.
It was a pleasure to work with them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-46892619165993612722015-04-14T05:12:00.005-07:002015-04-14T16:26:55.570-07:00ASSEMBLING TERROR’S STERN<div class="MsoNormal">
I haven't posted an update regarding my model in several
months. While I've kept busy with side projects, the real reason for my delay
is that I had reached an impasse with Terror’s stern. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As I've discussed in previous posts, the sterns of Franklin’s
ships were modified in 1845 to accommodate a new auxiliary screw propulsion
system – to be used as a time saving device “providing the wind should prove
contrary or a dead calm” [1]. There are two sources of data on these
modifications: Oliver Lang’s original design plan [1], and its counterpart, a
contemporary model of the design [2]. I had purchased full resolution copies of
the plan many months ago, but unfortunately Lang did not include a cross
section in his draught. That information could only be gleaned from the contemporary
model held at the National Maritime Museum’s storage facility in Chatham. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cJUDd3wAFCw/VSxw2sjWaSI/AAAAAAAAApw/mAYPFxNki9g/s1600/large%2B(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cJUDd3wAFCw/VSxw2sjWaSI/AAAAAAAAApw/mAYPFxNki9g/s1600/large%2B(1).jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
The contemporary model of Oliver Lang's 1845 design. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London (<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68212.html">SLR225</a>3 [L2251-001]).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Used under <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/page/7d7ded6fb50d6031e2884961a200be58.html">Creative
Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license</a><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fortunately, I recently had an opportunity to visit the Chatham
model ship facility. Assisted by the expert curators, I was able to study the
stern model in detail. It is quite unique, being constructed using a series of carved
blocks arranged to conform to the position of major structural and engineering
elements of Lang’s design. The information I gathered has allowed me to
complete my construction of the stern; below,
I’ll reveal the new information I've learned from the contemporary model, while
documenting my final assembly of Terror’s stern:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1) The propeller well used to raise and lower the screw was rectangular,
almost square-sided, with the sternpost and rudderpost forming the fore and aft
sides of the well, respectively. To accomplish this, thick timbers were bolted
to the sides of the rudderpost and sternpost [3]. The rudderpost bolsters were much
more complex than I originally assumed and were each constructed of at least
two pieces, with the lower portions tapering gently to the width of the rudderpost,
following the lines of the body plan (<a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/02/oliver-langs-stern.html">see here for my original conceptualization of the design</a>). <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F_JmtQyXO0s/VSxx_A8Y55I/AAAAAAAAAp8/xSHOs5TVC7Q/s1600/1%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F_JmtQyXO0s/VSxx_A8Y55I/AAAAAAAAAp8/xSHOs5TVC7Q/s1600/1%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The stern pieces prior to assembly. The bolster on the left is the old design I intended to use, which was incorrect. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lNg59KcrEaY/VSxx_WUAFQI/AAAAAAAAAqA/rDnwduwiqAw/s1600/2%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lNg59KcrEaY/VSxx_WUAFQI/AAAAAAAAAqA/rDnwduwiqAw/s1600/2%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The overkill method I used to glue the bolsters to the stern and rudderposts. Thankfully this was just a dry-run<br />
(note the older bolster design). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gm4VQmjTPxk/VSxx_AsVsfI/AAAAAAAAAp4/wH-BvBaOFTg/s1600/3%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gm4VQmjTPxk/VSxx_AsVsfI/AAAAAAAAAp4/wH-BvBaOFTg/s1600/3%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The new bolster timbers glued on the rudderpost. Note the groove for the "Lihou" rudder on the<br />
rudderpost. I may need to sand the bolsters somewhat to match the run of the planking as they<br />
may be <span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">slightly oversized - but no by much. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WqkXIrmgA7Y/VSxx__5fd0I/AAAAAAAAAqE/xHLfBrIUOFA/s1600/4%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WqkXIrmgA7Y/VSxx__5fd0I/AAAAAAAAAqE/xHLfBrIUOFA/s1600/4%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another angle showing the bolster timbers on the sternpost. The NMM model shows that the bolsters on the<br />
rudderpost are longer than those on the sternpost. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2) The rudderpost and sternpost were each tenoned into the keel
extension, as was typical, but each was secured with a single bolt, which was
not indicated on Lang’s plan. </div>
</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Qrqu54TWao0/VSxzxwCUznI/AAAAAAAAAqc/e2QuB67cb5I/s1600/5%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Qrqu54TWao0/VSxzxwCUznI/AAAAAAAAAqc/e2QuB67cb5I/s1600/5%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marking the precise position of the tenon bolts. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MtNfwxnwgs8/VSxzx_aeNwI/AAAAAAAAAqg/mettes_ma74/s1600/6%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MtNfwxnwgs8/VSxzx_aeNwI/AAAAAAAAAqg/mettes_ma74/s1600/6%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bolts were simulated with 20 gauge copper wire, precisely the same as that used on the keel scarphs. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
3) The propeller well was framed on the port and starboard
sides in three distinct sections. The upper section included stout rectangular
framing fayed to the deck beams, which formed a ledge for a scuttle on the
upper deck. Below this, the well was probably enclosed by watertight planking
down to the height of the stern timbers. Because of the construction of the contemporary NMM model, such planking was not shown, but it is unlikely that solid timber pieces
would have been used, as these aren’t shown in <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68184.html">contemporary
models</a>. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-64njVPP7oDk/VSx0f1NwvEI/AAAAAAAAAqs/AvCRzFOo9pg/s1600/7%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-64njVPP7oDk/VSx0f1NwvEI/AAAAAAAAAqs/AvCRzFOo9pg/s1600/7%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The heavy framing used to form the top of the propeller well. The upper part of these timbers formed a lip<br />
for a scuttle to the well. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6vsPh23rwo/VSx0gKgLH3I/AAAAAAAAAqw/oRFvUWF4e9Y/s1600/8%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6vsPh23rwo/VSx0gKgLH3I/AAAAAAAAAqw/oRFvUWF4e9Y/s1600/8%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Planking on the upper section of the well. I've estimated a width of 12 inches. The actual width is unknown.<br />
Note that this section of the model will be covered so I haven't simulated bolts or spikes here. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pQ7FXPzxIFE/VSx0gXB5MVI/AAAAAAAAAq4/TdqFefbLefM/s1600/9%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pQ7FXPzxIFE/VSx0gXB5MVI/AAAAAAAAAq4/TdqFefbLefM/s1600/9%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="540" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the topside of the well. The upper pieces of the sternpost and rudderpost bolsters will be<br />
trimmed <span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">at a later stage of the build , but are useful for alignment at this stage. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: center;">4) A new section,
clearly visible in the well of the model, started at the position of the stern
timbers. This suggests the stern timbers were bolted to the sides of the
rudderpost and sternposts to provide major structural support to the new
rudderpost and well. This makes good sense, and Lang’s 1845 stern plan clearly
shows the stern timbers as a major element of the design. In fact, these new
timbers are substantially more robust than Terror’s original stern timbers,
suggesting they were an integral part of the strength of the new structure.
Again, this type of structure is supported by </span><a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/68184.html" style="text-align: center;">contemporary
models</a><span style="text-align: center;">.</span><br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jqyp6RdsNao/VSx0f6jzGpI/AAAAAAAAAq0/Of2T8bInSRI/s1600/10%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jqyp6RdsNao/VSx0f6jzGpI/AAAAAAAAAq0/Of2T8bInSRI/s1600/10%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bottom portion of the framing planks were trimmed to match the run of the stern timbers. Note<br />
the rabbet on the rudderpost on the right. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
5) The lower section of the propeller well was composed of the
second layer of hull planking where it ran aft, horizontally. Eventually,
the run of the higher planks would have veered away from the straight-sided
wall of the well. At this point, straight horizontal planking would have been
used to frame the sides of the well. The position where this occurs is marked
by a block seam on the contemporary NMM model.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unfortunately, Lang’s contemporary model does not include any of
the ironwork used to strengthen the stern, nor does it include the propeller
rail/track mechanism. I've based these portions of the model on Lang’s plans
and extensive research on other contemporary models and designs. This research is
outlined in several <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/04/hms-terrors-screw-propeller.html">blog posts</a> (and <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/02/oliver-langs-stern.html">here</a>, <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/05/on-rails-raising-and-lowering-terrors.html">here</a>, and <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/04/iron-work.html">here</a>). <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-haF6vG6t7pE/VSx1-quhv7I/AAAAAAAAArQ/0WHiMH2ctLY/s1600/Lang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-haF6vG6t7pE/VSx1-quhv7I/AAAAAAAAArQ/0WHiMH2ctLY/s1600/Lang.jpg" height="484" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Oliver Lag's stern design. Note the extensive ironwork and the propeller systems.</div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London (<a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/85474.html">ZAZ5683 [J1529</a>]).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
<span lang="EN-US">Used under <a href="http://collections.rmg.co.uk/page/7d7ded6fb50d6031e2884961a200be58.html">Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license</a>.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IJ82RVT_A4c/VSx2b0ro7tI/AAAAAAAAArY/eEKIpSdC8CM/s1600/11%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IJ82RVT_A4c/VSx2b0ro7tI/AAAAAAAAArY/eEKIpSdC8CM/s1600/11%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The iron staple knee glued in place. The knee provided essential support for the rudderpost. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GWj8IpxpAQE/VSx2b9lhzsI/AAAAAAAAArc/hztH72Cs848/s1600/12%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GWj8IpxpAQE/VSx2b9lhzsI/AAAAAAAAArc/hztH72Cs848/s1600/12%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier inspects the staple knee in dry dock. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LDQIXJh0xXY/VSx2b9rAuJI/AAAAAAAAArg/i9mYBZzUklY/s1600/13%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LDQIXJh0xXY/VSx2b9rAuJI/AAAAAAAAArg/i9mYBZzUklY/s1600/13%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lang used iron strapping to further reinforce the stern structure. Here they are made from chemically blackened copper. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxIgvPGMwEA/VSx2ccAU6bI/AAAAAAAAArk/tqo0WntI0tQ/s1600/14%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxIgvPGMwEA/VSx2ccAU6bI/AAAAAAAAArk/tqo0WntI0tQ/s1600/14%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each strap was glued in place and then the bolt holes were drilled out by hand. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBPlTm0bd30/VSx2cpt0J9I/AAAAAAAAArs/LqFvWyAew_U/s1600/16%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBPlTm0bd30/VSx2cpt0J9I/AAAAAAAAArs/LqFvWyAew_U/s1600/16%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bolts glued in place. These were simulated using blackened brass. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uCuo20kDOBg/VSx2cWJ6ooI/AAAAAAAAAro/dchOYQOqNg0/s1600/15%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uCuo20kDOBg/VSx2cWJ6ooI/AAAAAAAAAro/dchOYQOqNg0/s1600/15%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Another view of the completed iron work.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FGfr20Kehmg/VSx2cwZCQKI/AAAAAAAAAr0/4wFh4pRzk68/s1600/17%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FGfr20Kehmg/VSx2cwZCQKI/AAAAAAAAAr0/4wFh4pRzk68/s1600/17%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Mini-Crozier frets over the modifications. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wKoMH3F98N8/VSx2c2DdnsI/AAAAAAAAAuI/x37rokukHjU/s1600/18%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wKoMH3F98N8/VSx2c2DdnsI/AAAAAAAAAuI/x37rokukHjU/s1600/18%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">The staple knee was protected by a fitted chock bolted to the keel section. I carved this using a simple <br />chisel blade. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wGFvIaI1l78/VSx2dDVLXsI/AAAAAAAAAr4/gq40JRR9Dr0/s1600/19%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wGFvIaI1l78/VSx2dDVLXsI/AAAAAAAAAr4/gq40JRR9Dr0/s1600/19%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The finished chock compared to the plans. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BTR-sWyhc5o/VSx2dWs40iI/AAAAAAAAAsA/HjJn_cj_eaw/s1600/20%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BTR-sWyhc5o/VSx2dWs40iI/AAAAAAAAAsA/HjJn_cj_eaw/s1600/20%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image showing how the chock fits over the knee. Unfortunately it had to be glued in place to <span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">permit </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">the propeller rails/</span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">tracks to be installed. At least I know the knee is there. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XjSb6ucAriA/VSx2dtrTc2I/AAAAAAAAAsI/SNeZ-id4dNI/s1600/21%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XjSb6ucAriA/VSx2dtrTc2I/AAAAAAAAAsI/SNeZ-id4dNI/s1600/21%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chock glued in place.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NGnyt_9O6WA/VSx2d5KXwJI/AAAAAAAAAsM/474iWlZoW14/s1600/22%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NGnyt_9O6WA/VSx2d5KXwJI/AAAAAAAAAsM/474iWlZoW14/s1600/22%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The propeller was raised and lowered using rails or "tracks". These have been modified slightly<br />
from my <a href="http://buildingterror.blogspot.ca/2014/05/on-rails-raising-and-lowering-terrors.html">original versions</a> based on new data. Copper bolts were simulated using wire. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6SA8eofl11w/VSx2ep6j1FI/AAAAAAAAAsg/CSx1_3UAbGE/s1600/23%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6SA8eofl11w/VSx2ep6j1FI/AAAAAAAAAsg/CSx1_3UAbGE/s1600/23%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The rails glued in final position. Note <span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">the rabbet on </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">the </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">rudderpost </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">for the second layer of hull planking</span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">. The rabbet will be modified </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">to </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">accommodate the </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">precise run of </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">planking </span><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">when it is installed. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jmSiRruckys/VSx2e6YCV0I/AAAAAAAAAss/H8ZMHI5Hi_c/s1600/26%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jmSiRruckys/VSx2e6YCV0I/AAAAAAAAAss/H8ZMHI5Hi_c/s1600/26%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> View of the rails installed on the sternpost. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LR1gJ-pDhnY/VSx2ejfzFZI/AAAAAAAAAsk/__hEw_qbHsA/s1600/25%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LR1gJ-pDhnY/VSx2ejfzFZI/AAAAAAAAAsk/__hEw_qbHsA/s1600/25%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the rails installed on the rudderpost. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nO1gTaRiSaU/VSx2eaRoHmI/AAAAAAAAAsY/M0gu9t4Cezc/s1600/24%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nO1gTaRiSaU/VSx2eaRoHmI/AAAAAAAAAsY/M0gu9t4Cezc/s1600/24%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another view. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u-yp9gvf9L8/VSx2fO7cV6I/AAAAAAAAAsw/4cdNQj4cVg4/s1600/27%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u-yp9gvf9L8/VSx2fO7cV6I/AAAAAAAAAsw/4cdNQj4cVg4/s1600/27%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wooden bolt plugs added to the chock. The bolts were "counterbored and plugged".</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mLjpR_ss8U4/VSx2fSVviUI/AAAAAAAAAs8/-K7AMAzwqdY/s1600/28%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mLjpR_ss8U4/VSx2fSVviUI/AAAAAAAAAs8/-K7AMAzwqdY/s1600/28%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The staple knee was bolted to the rudderpost; these bolts were also counterbored and plugged.<br />
I'm not entirely happy with the contrast here and may redo them at a later date.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bchQhzMUCKc/VSx2fivmNCI/AAAAAAAAAtA/K3EV0Qmh-Ag/s1600/29%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bchQhzMUCKc/VSx2fivmNCI/AAAAAAAAAtA/K3EV0Qmh-Ag/s1600/29%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The completed stern assembly.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iOrQEsYLZ0o/VSx2f_7EBqI/AAAAAAAAAtI/sh92lOJG6Zw/s1600/30%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iOrQEsYLZ0o/VSx2f_7EBqI/AAAAAAAAAtI/sh92lOJG6Zw/s1600/30%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lowering the screw propeller in place (it raise and lowers - and the propeller spins). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nBWwLsRVJEk/VSx2gLo-fSI/AAAAAAAAAtM/JWgNrM5BCS4/s1600/31%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nBWwLsRVJEk/VSx2gLo-fSI/AAAAAAAAAtM/JWgNrM5BCS4/s1600/31%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The propeller in position. Unfortunately the angle of the photo makes it look slightly crooked, <br />
but it is not - is spins freely, with very small tolerances as shown on Lang's original plans. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zj6XxusbwLk/VSx2gS--qcI/AAAAAAAAAtY/j_1BQ__LoKA/s1600/32%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zj6XxusbwLk/VSx2gS--qcI/AAAAAAAAAtY/j_1BQ__LoKA/s1600/32%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="482" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the stern.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RQfHG_lSoNo/VSx2gdFhhrI/AAAAAAAAAtc/ZuuUshY-FEY/s1600/33%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RQfHG_lSoNo/VSx2gdFhhrI/AAAAAAAAAtc/ZuuUshY-FEY/s1600/33%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another angle showing how the propeller was seated. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HK5j0i1E-q8/VSx2g1HoIAI/AAAAAAAAAtk/rT76DYsHS9U/s1600/34%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HK5j0i1E-q8/VSx2g1HoIAI/AAAAAAAAAtk/rT76DYsHS9U/s1600/34%2B(Medium).JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Looking down the well from the position of the upper deck .</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AbL1H9Ffg3A/VSx2hPkCatI/AAAAAAAAAts/wApc-fYwsUA/s1600/36%2B(Medium).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AbL1H9Ffg3A/VSx2hPkCatI/AAAAAAAAAts/wApc-fYwsUA/s1600/36%2B(Medium).JPG" height="640" width="466" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mini-Crozier contemplates how the stern will fare in the ice. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
How successful was Lang’s stern at protecting the ship from the pack ice? Parks Canada divers are assessing that <a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/culture/franklin/franklin2015.aspx">currently</a>,
and with luck they’ll find the answers soon. We know from historical sources that
the Admiralty was concerned about the strength of the design, and that while Lang
believed the “sternposts” (sternposts and rudderposts) were as strong as those on other
ships, he would not certify that the strength of the filling chocks was sufficient
to protect the Erebus and Terror [4].</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
No matter how vulnerable it made the ship, we can suspect that Lang’s radical redesign also altered the sailing qualities of Terror. Contemporary sailing
reports indicate that Vesuvius class bomb vessels were rather lumbering and
could not carry sail well, and Ross reported that Terror was constantly falling
behind Erebus during his Antarctic voyage, delaying and endangering the expedition.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recently, Regina Koellner, assisted by William Battersby,
transcribed a letter [5] from Francis Crozier to his friend John Henderson, written
shortly after the ships arrived at Whalefish Islands in Greenland. In the
letter, Crozier provides a brief report of Terror’s sailing qualities: "<i>Our
steering is decidedly improved by the alterations on the counter we now sail
much more evenly with Erebus which is advantageous to us in many ways.</i>" I
suspect that the effective lengthening of the keel to accommodate the propeller allowed Terror to sail closer
to the wind, finally permitting her to keep up with the more nimble Erebus. It
seems the final conversion of Terror to screw propulsion made her a more
capable vessel under sail, an irony certainly not lost on Crozier. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u>Acknowledgments:</u><br />
I sincerely thank Regina Koellner for permitting me to post the transcription from her recent research, and William Battersby for alerting me to this exciting primary report on Terror’s sailing qualities.<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><br /></u>
<u>Footnotes:</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[1] Object ID: <i>ZAZ5683</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
[2] Object ID: <i>SLR2253</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
[3] Filling frames, similar to fashion pieces, appear to
have been fayed to these bolster timbers on the sternpost to accommodate the smooth run of planking
over the upper part of the well. My belief is that space between these frames
and behind the transom pieces was filled in with chocks, similar to the bow, to
add more strength to the stern.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
[4] Admiralty Digest, cited from Battersby, William, and
Carney, Peter, 2011, Equipping HM Ships Erebus and Terror, 1845. International
Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology 81(2):192-211.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
[5] <i>AGC/C/5/; MS62/007</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3328164496739676306.post-20632360233785148372015-03-27T03:11:00.001-07:002015-04-23T17:02:31.369-07:00MR. DIGGLE’S GALLEY STOVE<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">I haven’t updated my blog in some time, as I have been
busy with several exciting side projects, which I hope to reveal here in due course. In the meantime, work continues on my model and plans when
I can find time. The stern of Terror is almost completed and I’ll post my
progress here shortly. I’ve also recently finished elevations/profiles of fittings
located on the forward crew deck, including the sail bin, the mess tables, and
crew trunks/benches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">One problem with drafting elevations in this area of
the ship has been a lack of information on Terror’s galley stove. We know that Terror was fitted with a
“Fraser’s patent” stove for its 1836-37 Arctic expedition and that both Erebus
and Terror were fitted with these stoves for the 1839-1843 Antarctic voyage. It
is widely assumed that the same stoves were used for the Franklin Expedition. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Both the 1836/1837 (Terror) and 1839 (Terror and
Erebus) plan sets show an iron stove of the same size and shape, with forward
facing boilers, a rather large hotplate, and three access doors on one side
(starboard). Both sets of plans show a water tank hanging from the upper deck
beams directly over the stove, and in the 1836/1837 plans the stove is
connected via a short pipe to the tank (for an excellent review of how this
tank functioned please consult <a href="http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.ca/2011/05/did-edward-belcher-poison-franklin.html">Peter
Carney’s blog</a>). However, the 1839 plan set shows an additional box-like projection
with rounded corners abutting the front of the stove. The projection has a
forward facing door, and seems to be designed to articulate with the stove’s fireplace, while being a separate accessory. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y3aMAe3uzk8/VRS1fw9kv6I/AAAAAAAAApE/_ThmkjTizyo/s1600/Plan%2Bvariants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y3aMAe3uzk8/VRS1fw9kv6I/AAAAAAAAApE/_ThmkjTizyo/s1600/Plan%2Bvariants.jpg" height="377" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fraser's patent stoves as they appear on the two HMS Terror plan sets. Note the<br />
additional device attached to the 1839 stove. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Prior to Terror’s first polar voyage in 1836, James
Fraser held four patents associated with stoves. The first, numbered 4201, dated
January 15th, 1818, described a very complex ships’ fire hearth and desalinator
which incorporated iron boilers and stonework. His next patent, #4310, dated November
13th, 1818, detailed a brick and iron domestic (land-based) fire hearth and
boiler. His third and most successful patent, # 4706, dated September 27th, 1822 (shared with John Moxon), outlined
a design for a contemporary galley similar to a “Brodie stove” used in Royal
Navy ships since the late 18th century. His final pre-1845 patent, #5762 dated January 27th, 1829, </span><span lang="EN-US">described a radical redesign
of his iron ship and domestic stoves (to my knowledge there is no evidence that
the 1829 device was ever used on Royal Navy vessels).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Comparing the Royal Navy draughts to Fraser’s patents
indicates that his1822 patent [1] design closely matches the general
shape and dimensions of the stoves installed on HMS Terror in 1836 and 1839. Fraser’s
stove was intended to be compact (the 1822 patent is for a narrow,
half-width stove) and was therefore only suitable for smaller vessels such as
brigs and merchant ships. Beyond the narrow
width, the major difference between Fraser’s 1822 patent and the 1836/1837
Terror plans is the position of the boilers. In 1822, there appear to have been
two differently sized boilers (coppers) arranged from front to back. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=FsE-AAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA268&ots=ptDAl4Tait&dq=patent%20granted%20to%20john%20dowell%20moxon%20and%20james%20fraser%20king-street&pg=PA264-IA1&ci=330%2C527%2C601%2C1015&source=bookclip" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img height="640" src="https://books.google.ca/books?id=FsE-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA264-IA1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3c80fnXG_dg0ZHgB4znMnCBlIM5A&ci=330%2C527%2C601%2C1015&edge=0" width="376" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An engraving of Fraser's 1822 patent. Note the front to back arrangement of the boilers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1185510468"></span><span id="goog_1185510469"></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
An 1833 engraving of a “Frazer patent sort” [2] stove
indicates that Fraser later increased the width of the stove and placed two
identically sized coppers side by side, thereby increasing the size of the hotplate
at the front of the stove while reducing the size of the oven which shared the
warming flue with the boilers. This 1833
sketch is in fact very similar to the stove depicted on the 1836/1837 Terror
plans.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=pgoAAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA386&ots=3yZ5H1g-vK&dq=frazer%27s%20patent%20stove%20waggon%20wheels&pg=PA385&ci=112%2C308%2C380%2C464&source=bookclip" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img height="400" src="https://books.google.ca/books?id=pgoAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA385&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2m0wor5SHPgzqhyv56mPhBTarqXQ&ci=112%2C308%2C380%2C464&edge=0" width="326" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An 1833 engraving of Frazer's updated design. Note the side by side boilers,<br />
larger hot plate, and smaller oven space. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A significant attribute of the Fraser stove was the
inclusion of folding or removable plates that could be closed down over the fireplace
during bad weather. Previously, ship stoves had to be put out in stormy weather
due to risk of fire from stray embers. </span>This seems to have been a critical selling point, and
in 1830 Henry Beeston and Company, who held the manufacturing rights, marketed the
stoves as the “Fraser’s safety ships’ hearth” [3] (by 1831 the Beeston company was bankrupt and Fraser assumed control of sales and manufacturing thereafter).<br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VlwjSGN3kmc/VTmH0Y1MHwI/AAAAAAAAAxU/TENgn2E0R5Y/s1600/Fraser%2Bstove%2B(Small).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VlwjSGN3kmc/VTmH0Y1MHwI/AAAAAAAAAxU/TENgn2E0R5Y/s1600/Fraser%2Bstove%2B(Small).jpg" height="392" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
My interpretation of the appearance and design of "Fraser's Patent Stove" on HMS Terror. The plans incorporates</div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
scale details from the 1822 patent, the 1833 engraving, and the HMS Terror plan sets.</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
An assessment of the Fraser stove appears in a report
from the voyage of HMS Chanticleer (1828-1830) and is worth noting in its entirety:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">“This
…Frazer's [stove]… has undergone a three years’ trial on board the Chanticleer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">and
its qualities have been the constant admiration of everyone on board. The<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">provisions
were cooked by it in bad weather and in a boisterous sea equally as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">well
as if the vessel had been in harbour; and although the hatches might be<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">battened
down, no inconvenience whatever was experienced from it,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">an
advantage which can only be fully appreciated by those who are accustomed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">to
small vessels. The consumption of coals which served for the culinary purposes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">of
the whole crew for one day amounted only to one bushel… On the whole,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Frazer's
stove may be considered as a most valuable acquisition to a ship.“</span>[4]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The stove’s success on Chanticleer cemented its
association with survey vessels and a similar model was ordered in 1831 for HMS
Beagle’s famous second voyage. HMS Terror appears to have been the first polar exploration
vessel to adopt a Fraser stove, which was installed for the 1836 Arctic voyage
under the command of George Back. He praised the device, “…which, besides throwing out more heat than
those commonly in use, had the decided advantage of consuming less fuel, and
[was] therefore particularly desirable in a ship with a limited quantity of
coals”. [5] Back admired the design so much that he dismantled the
malfunctioning hot water furnace on the orlop deck and used its materials “for
fitting up a Fraser’s stove a little before the main-hatchway on the lower
deck” [6]. Given what he had to work with, it probably looked much like Fraser’s
early 1818 brick and iron patent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Having functioned so well on a polar ship, it is not
surprising that the stove was adopted for the 1839 and 1845 voyages of Erebus
and Terror. Pencil annotations on the 1837 lower deck plans of Terror indicate
that the old Fraser stove was crossed out, and a new stove precisely the same
dimensions and shape as the 1839 plans was drawn in, somewhat aft of its original
position. The stove is labeled in pencil as “Fire Hearth, Fraser”; the new
box-like projection was labeled as well, but it is impossible to decipher the heavily
worn inscription. However, the label
appears to have consisted of two words, with the last word starting in an “O”
or “D”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">What was the additional device added to the Fraser
stoves in 1839? Interestingly, a clue may come from documents relating to HMS Beagle [7]. Navy correspondence from 1831 indicates a new stove was
purchased for Beagle directly from Mr. Fraser, at a cost of £ 46.10s, and was
delivered around the 19th of July of that year. However, it appears that Fraser included an
additional device in the shipment, as noted by Captain FitzRoy: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">“Hamoaze,
24 Aug. 1831. I beg to inform you that
the patent Galley Stove <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">made
by Mr. Fraser of Shadwell for the use of the Beagle, is furnished with <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">an
additional bread oven which I find increases the expense £ 17. As this oven <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">will
be of the greatest use in baking bread for the Ship's Company, I hope it will <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">be
allowed by the Navy Board without my paying for it myself.” [8] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In his later account of the voyage, FitzRoy makes it
clear that this additional device was not a standalone piece and articulated
directly with the Fraser stove: ”…one of Frazer's [sic] stoves, with an oven
attached, was taken instead of a common “galley” fire-place…” [9]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Could the accessory on the Terror’s Fraser stove have
been a bread oven? Most 19th century iron galleys were designed to accept
accessories at the front of the fireplace, including meat spits, racks, and
various other attachments. In fact, Fraser’s 1822 patent shows brackets of a
sort commonly used to attach such devices. Although the labelling on the 1837
plans is unclear, it is possible that the accessory was a bread oven, though it
could be another type of a more common cooking accessory, such as a hastener or
hot closet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">As far as I am aware, only one Fraser stove is known
to have survived to modern times, and it is sitting on the lower deck of HMS Erebus,
at the bottom of Queen Maud Gulf, in roughly 12 meters of water. Hopefully,
this fascinating piece of Victorian technology – which played a central role for
the crews on some of the greatest sea voyages ever conducted – will be revealed
by Parks Canada in the coming weeks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1TAY6Dqh-EM/VTmH0S1_-lI/AAAAAAAAAxY/yZgXwiobYjw/s1600/Crozier%2Binspects%2Bthe%2Bstove%2B(Small).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1TAY6Dqh-EM/VTmH0S1_-lI/AAAAAAAAAxY/yZgXwiobYjw/s1600/Crozier%2Binspects%2Bthe%2Bstove%2B(Small).jpg" height="400" width="332" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Terror's galley stove was quite small, as indicated by a scale Captain </div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Crozier. The height between decks in this area was only six feet.</div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Note the position of the water tank.[10]</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Acknowledgments: William Battersby and Peter Carney have
been exploring the heating and cooking systems of HMS Terror and Erebus for
many years, and they have been very generous in sharing data and insights with
me. Peter, in particular, has studied the design of the Fraser stove in depth
and his <a href="http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.ca/2011/05/did-edward-belcher-poison-franklin.html">research</a>
on the role the technology played in Franklin Expedition is a must. Peter
kindly reviewed my plans and research for this post, and provided access to crucial patent
engravings. I sincerely appreciate his critical insights.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Footnotes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">1: Moxon, John, and Fraser, James. 1824. Patents for Improvements in Ship’s
Cabouses, etc. <i>The Repertory of Arts,
Manufactures, and Agriculture</i>. London: Repertory Office. Pages 268-275.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">2. E.W.B. 1833. Apparatus for Freshening Salt Water. <i>Mechanic’s Magazine, Museum, Register,
Journal and Gazette</i>. No. 501, Saturday, March 16, 1833. London: M.
Salmon. Pages 335-336.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">3. 1830. The Law Advertiser, Volume 8. London: J.W.
Pagent. Page 465.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">4. Webster, William Henry B. 1834. Narrative of a
Voyage to the Southern Atlantic Ocean, in the Years 1828, 29, 30, Performed in
H.M. Sloop Chanticleer, Volume 1. London: Richard Betley. Page 6. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">5. Back, George R. 1838. Narrative of an
Expedition in H.M.S. Terror, Undertaken with a View to Geographical Discovery
on the Arctic Shores in the Year 1836-7. London: John Murray. Page 5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">6. Back, George R. 1838 Narrative of an
Expedition in H.M.S. Terror, Undertaken with a View to Geographical Discovery
on the Arctic Shores in the Year 1836-7. London: John Murray. Page 150.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">7. ADM 106/1346<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">8. ADM 106/1346<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">9. FitzRoy, Robert. 1839. <i>Proceedings of the Second Expedition, 1831- 1836, Under the Command of
Captain Robert FitzRoy, R.N. Narrative of Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's
Ships Adventure and Beagle, Between The Years 1826 And 1836, Describing their
Examination of the Southern Shores of South America, and The Beagle's
Circumnavigation of the Globe</i>. Volume 11. London: Henry Colburn. Page 18.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
10. The iron water tank hanging above the Fraser stove
in both sets of Terror plans appears to have been suspended from a deck beam
(or beams), with the tank lid positioned below the standard ship’s air-scuttle.
Its precise position likely varied between Erebus and Terror - in relation to
the framing and deck beams associated with the air scuttle. It is possible that
the tank had a central opening or one near the side, depending on its position in relation to the beams and scuttle.Ship Modeler (Matthew Betts)http://www.blogger.com/profile/11126195701606854502noreply@blogger.com4